我运行的异步任务很少,我需要等到其中至少有一个完成(将来我可能需要等待N个任务中的util M完成)。 目前它们被呈现为Future,所以我需要像

这样的东西
/**
 * Blocks current thread until one of specified futures is done and returns it. 
 */
public static <T> Future<T> waitForAny(Collection<Future<T>> futures) 
        throws AllFuturesFailedException

有这样的事吗?或类似的东西,对于Future来说不是必需的。目前我循环收集期货,检查一个是否完成,然后睡一段时间再检查一下。这看起来不是最好的解决方案,因为如果我长时间睡眠会增加不必要的延迟,如果我短时间睡眠则会影响性能。

我可以尝试使用

new CountDownLatch(1)

并在任务完成时减少倒计时并执行

countdown.await()

,但我发现只有控制Future创作才有可能。这是可能的,但需要重新设计系统,因为当前创建任务的逻辑(将Callable发送到ExecutorService)与决定等待哪个Future分开。我也可以覆盖

<T> RunnableFuture<T> AbstractExecutorService.newTaskFor(Callable<T> callable)

并创建RunnableFuture的自定义实现,能够附加侦听器以在任务完成时得到通知,然后将此类侦听器附加到所需任务并使用CountDownLatch,但这意味着我必须为我使用的每个ExecutorService重写newTaskFor - 并且可能存在将是不扩展AbstractExecutorService的实现。我也可以尝试包装ExecutorService用于同样的目的,但是我必须装饰所有生产Futures的方法。

所有这些解决方案都可行,但看起来非常不自然。看起来我错过了一些简单的东西,比如

WaitHandle.WaitAny(WaitHandle[] waitHandles)

在c#中。是否存在针对此类问题的众所周知的解决方案?

更新:

最初我根本无法访问Future创建,因此没有优雅的解决方案。重新设计系统后,我可以访问Future创建,并能够将countDownLatch.countdown()添加到执行过程,然后我可以countDownLatch.await(),一切正常。 感谢其他答案,我不知道ExecutorCompletionService,它确实可以在类似的任务中提供帮助,但在这种特殊情况下它无法使用,因为某些Futures是在没有任何执行器的情况下创建的 - 实际任务是通过网络发送到另一台服务器的,远程完成并收到完成通知。

有帮助吗?

解决方案

据我所知,Java与 WaitHandle.WaitAny 方法没有类似的结构。

在我看来,这可以通过“WaitableFuture”来实现。装饰器:

public WaitableFuture<T>
    extends Future<T>
{
    private CountDownLatch countDownLatch;

    WaitableFuture(CountDownLatch countDownLatch)
    {
        super();

        this.countDownLatch = countDownLatch;
    }

    void doTask()
    {
        super.doTask();

        this.countDownLatch.countDown();
    }
}

虽然只有在执行代码之前插入它才能工作,否则执行代码就不会有新的 doTask()方法。但是如果你不能以某种方式在执行之前获得对Future对象的控制,我真的看不到没有轮询的方法。

或者如果未来总是在自己的线程中运行,那么你可以以某种方式获得该线程。然后你可以产生一个新的线程来加入彼此的线程,然后在连接返回后处理等待机制...这将是非常丑陋的,但会引起很多开销。如果某些Future对象没有完成,则可能会有很多被阻塞的线程,具体取决于死线程。如果你不小心,这可能会泄漏内存和系统资源。

/**
 * Extremely ugly way of implementing WaitHandle.WaitAny for Thread.Join().
 */
public static joinAny(Collection<Thread> threads, int numberToWaitFor)
{
    CountDownLatch countDownLatch = new CountDownLatch(numberToWaitFor);

    foreach(Thread thread in threads)
    {
        (new Thread(new JoinThreadHelper(thread, countDownLatch))).start();
    }

    countDownLatch.await();
}

class JoinThreadHelper
    implements Runnable
{
    Thread thread;
    CountDownLatch countDownLatch;

    JoinThreadHelper(Thread thread, CountDownLatch countDownLatch)
    {
        this.thread = thread;
        this.countDownLatch = countDownLatch;
    }

    void run()
    {
        this.thread.join();
        this.countDownLatch.countDown();
    }
}

其他提示

简单,请查看 ExecutorCompletionService

为什么不创建结果队列并等待队列?或者更简单地说,使用CompletionService,因为它就是这样的:ExecutorService +结果队列。

使用wait()和notifyAll()实际上非常简单。

首先,定义一个锁定对象。 (你可以使用任何类,但我喜欢明确):

package com.javadude.sample;

public class Lock {}

接下来,定义您的工作线程。他完成处理后必须通知该锁定对象。请注意,notify必须位于锁定对象的同步块锁定中。

package com.javadude.sample;

public class Worker extends Thread {
    private Lock lock_;
    private long timeToSleep_;
    private String name_;
    public Worker(Lock lock, String name, long timeToSleep) {
        lock_ = lock;
        timeToSleep_ = timeToSleep;
        name_ = name;
    }
    @Override
    public void run() {
        // do real work -- using a sleep here to simulate work
        try {
            sleep(timeToSleep_);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            interrupt();
        }
        System.out.println(name_ + " is done... notifying");
        // notify whoever is waiting, in this case, the client
        synchronized (lock_) {
            lock_.notify();
        }
    }
}

最后,你可以写你的客户:

package com.javadude.sample;

public class Client {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Lock lock = new Lock();
        Worker worker1 = new Worker(lock, "worker1", 15000);
        Worker worker2 = new Worker(lock, "worker2", 10000);
        Worker worker3 = new Worker(lock, "worker3", 5000);
        Worker worker4 = new Worker(lock, "worker4", 20000);

        boolean started = false;
        int numNotifies = 0;
        while (true) {
            synchronized (lock) {
                try {
                    if (!started) {
                        // need to do the start here so we grab the lock, just
                        //   in case one of the threads is fast -- if we had done the
                        //   starts outside the synchronized block, a fast thread could
                        //   get to its notification *before* the client is waiting for it
                        worker1.start();
                        worker2.start();
                        worker3.start();
                        worker4.start();
                        started = true;
                    }
                    lock.wait();
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    break;
                }
                numNotifies++;
                if (numNotifies == 4) {
                    break;
                }
                System.out.println("Notified!");
            }
        }
        System.out.println("Everyone has notified me... I'm done");
    }
}

既然你不关心哪一个完成,为什么不只是为所有线程都有一个WaitHandle并等待呢?无论哪一个完成,都可以设置手柄。

请参阅此选项:

public class WaitForAnyRedux {

private static final int POOL_SIZE = 10;

public static <T> T waitForAny(Collection<T> collection) throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException {

    List<Callable<T>> callables = new ArrayList<Callable<T>>();
    for (final T t : collection) {
        Callable<T> callable = Executors.callable(new Thread() {

            @Override
            public void run() {
                synchronized (t) {
                    try {
                        t.wait();
                    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    }
                }
            }
        }, t);
        callables.add(callable);
    }

    BlockingQueue<Runnable> queue = new ArrayBlockingQueue<Runnable>(POOL_SIZE);
    ExecutorService executorService = new ThreadPoolExecutor(POOL_SIZE, POOL_SIZE, 0, TimeUnit.SECONDS, queue);
    return executorService.invokeAny(callables);
}

static public void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException {

    final List<Integer> integers = new ArrayList<Integer>();
    for (int i = 0; i < POOL_SIZE; i++) {
        integers.add(i);
    }

    (new Thread() {
        public void run() {
            Integer notified = null;
            try {
                notified = waitForAny(integers);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            } catch (ExecutionException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            System.out.println("notified=" + notified);
        }

    }).start();


    synchronized (integers) {
        integers.wait(3000);
    }


    Integer randomInt = integers.get((new Random()).nextInt(POOL_SIZE));
    System.out.println("Waking up " + randomInt);
    synchronized (randomInt) {
        randomInt.notify();
    }
  }
}
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