如何将 Microsoft Locale ID (LCID) 转换为 Java 中的语言代码或 Locale 对象
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/1192361
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我需要翻译一个 微软区域设置 ID, ，例如 1033（美国英语），转换为 ISO 639 语言代码 或者直接进入Java 语言环境 实例。（编辑：或者甚至简单地输入 Microsoft 表中的“语言 - 国家/地区”。）
这可能吗？最简单的方法是什么？当然，最好仅使用 JDK 标准库，但如果不可能，则使用第 3 方库。
解决方案 2
当它开始看起来像没有现成的Java解决方案要做到这一点映射，我们采取了约20分钟，以推出我们自己的东西，至少现在是这样。
我们把从马的嘴，即 HTTP的信息：// MSDN。 microsoft.com/en-us/goglobal/bb964664.aspx 和复制粘贴它（通过Excel）中成.properties文件是这样的：
1078 = Afrikaans - South Africa
1052 = Albanian - Albania
1118 = Amharic - Ethiopia
1025 = Arabic - Saudi Arabia
5121 = Arabic - Algeria
...
（您也可以下载文件这里如果你有类似的需求。）
然后有一个很简单的类，读出从所述的.properties信息文件成图，并且具有用于执行转换的方法。
Map<String, String> lcidToDescription;
public String getDescription(String lcid) { ... }
是的，这实际上并没有映射到的语言代码的或 Locale对象的（这是我原来问），但微软的“语言 - 国家/地区“的描述。原来，这是足以让我们的当前需求。
免责声明：这真的是一个简约的，“虚拟”做自己在Java中，显然保持（和维护）的LCID映射信息的副本在你自己的代码库的方式不是很优雅。 （在另一方面，无论我会想包括一个巨大的图书馆罐子或做任何事情，只是这个简单的映射。过于复杂的），所以尽管这个答案，随意张贴更优雅的解决方案或现有的库如果你知道这样的事情。
其他提示
你可以使用 获取区域设置信息 执行此操作（假设您在 Windows (win2k+) 上运行）。
此 C++ 代码演示了如何使用该函数：
#include "windows.h"
int main()
{
HANDLE stdout = GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE);
if(INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE == stdout) return 1;
LCID Locale = 0x0c01; //Arabic - Egypt
int nchars = GetLocaleInfoW(Locale, LOCALE_SISO639LANGNAME, NULL, 0);
wchar_t* LanguageCode = new wchar_t[nchars];
GetLocaleInfoW(Locale, LOCALE_SISO639LANGNAME, LanguageCode, nchars);
WriteConsoleW(stdout, LanguageCode, nchars, NULL, NULL);
delete[] LanguageCode;
return 0;
}
将其变成一个不需要太多工作 JNA 称呼。（提示：将常量作为整数发出以查找它们的值。）
JNA 代码示例：
使用 JNI 有点复杂，但对于相对简单的任务来说是可以管理的。
至少，我会考虑使用本机调用来构建转换数据库。我不确定 Windows 是否有枚举 LCID 的方法，但 .Net 中肯定有。作为构建级别的事情，这并不是一个巨大的负担。我想避免手动维护列表。
下面的代码将编程创建微软LCID代码和Java语言环境之间的映射，使得更容易保持映射向上最新：
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Locale;
import java.util.Map;
/**
* @author Gili Tzabari
*/
public final class Locales
{
/**
* Maps a Microsoft LCID to a Java Locale.
*/
private final Map<Integer, Locale> lcidToLocale = new HashMap<>(LcidToLocaleMapping.NUM_LOCALES);
public Locales()
{
// Try loading the mapping from cache
File file = new File("lcid-to-locale.properties");
Properties properties = new Properties();
try (FileInputStream in = new FileInputStream(file))
{
properties.load(in);
for (Object key: properties.keySet())
{
String keyString = key.toString();
Integer lcid = Integer.parseInt(keyString);
String languageTag = properties.getProperty(keyString);
lcidToLocale.put(lcid, Locale.forLanguageTag(languageTag));
}
return;
}
catch (IOException unused)
{
// Cache does not exist or is invalid, regenerate...
lcidToLocale.clear();
}
LcidToLocaleMapping mapping;
try
{
mapping = new LcidToLocaleMapping();
}
catch (IOException e)
{
// Unrecoverable runtime failure
throw new AssertionError(e);
}
for (Locale locale: Locale.getAvailableLocales())
{
if (locale == Locale.ROOT)
{
// Special case that doesn't map to a real locale
continue;
}
String language = locale.getDisplayLanguage(Locale.ENGLISH);
String country = locale.getDisplayCountry(Locale.ENGLISH);
country = mapping.getCountryAlias(country);
String script = locale.getDisplayScript();
for (Integer lcid: mapping.listLcidFor(language, country, script))
{
lcidToLocale.put(lcid, locale);
properties.put(lcid.toString(), locale.toLanguageTag());
}
}
// Cache the mapping
try (FileOutputStream out = new FileOutputStream(file))
{
properties.store(out, "LCID to Locale mapping");
}
catch (IOException e)
{
// Unrecoverable runtime failure
throw new AssertionError(e);
}
}
/**
* @param lcid a Microsoft LCID code
* @return a Java locale
* @see https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc223140.aspx
*/
public Locale fromLcid(int lcid)
{
return lcidToLocale.get(lcid);
}
}
import com.google.common.collect.HashMultimap;
import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableList;
import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableMap;
import com.google.common.collect.SetMultimap;
import com.google.common.collect.Sets;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Set;
import java.util.regex.Matcher;
import java.util.regex.Pattern;
import java.util.stream.Collectors;
import org.bitbucket.cowwoc.preconditions.Preconditions;
import org.jsoup.Jsoup;
import org.jsoup.nodes.Document;
import org.jsoup.nodes.Element;
import org.jsoup.select.Elements;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
/**
* Generates a mapping between Microsoft LCIDs and Java Locales.
* <p>
* @see http://stackoverflow.com/a/32324060/14731
* @author Gili Tzabari
*/
final class LcidToLocaleMapping
{
private static final int NUM_COUNTRIES = 194;
private static final int NUM_LANGUAGES = 13;
private static final int NUM_SCRIPTS = 5;
/**
* The number of locales we are expecting. This value is only used for performance optimization.
*/
public static final int NUM_LOCALES = 238;
private static final List<String> EXPECTED_HEADERS = ImmutableList.of("lcid", "language", "location");
// [language] - [comment] ([script])
private static final Pattern languagePattern = Pattern.compile("^(.+?)(?: - (.*?))?(?: \\((.+)\\))?$");
/**
* Maps a country to a list of entries.
*/
private static final SetMultimap<String, Mapping> COUNTRY_TO_ENTRIES = HashMultimap.create(NUM_COUNTRIES,
NUM_LOCALES / NUM_COUNTRIES);
/**
* Maps a language to a list of entries.
*/
private static final SetMultimap<String, Mapping> LANGUAGE_TO_ENTRIES = HashMultimap.create(NUM_LANGUAGES,
NUM_LOCALES / NUM_LANGUAGES);
/**
* Maps a language script to a list of entries.
*/
private static final SetMultimap<String, Mapping> SCRIPT_TO_ENTRIES = HashMultimap.create(NUM_SCRIPTS,
NUM_LOCALES / NUM_SCRIPTS);
/**
* Maps a Locale country name to a LCID country name.
*/
private static final Map<String, String> countryAlias = ImmutableMap.<String, String>builder().
put("United Arab Emirates", "U.A.E.").
build();
/**
* A mapping between a country, language, script and LCID.
*/
private static final class Mapping
{
public final String country;
public final String language;
public final String script;
public final int lcid;
Mapping(String country, String language, String script, int lcid)
{
Preconditions.requireThat(country, "country").isNotNull();
Preconditions.requireThat(language, "language").isNotNull().isNotEmpty();
Preconditions.requireThat(script, "script").isNotNull();
this.country = country;
this.language = language;
this.script = script;
this.lcid = lcid;
}
@Override
public int hashCode()
{
return country.hashCode() + language.hashCode() + script.hashCode() + lcid;
}
@Override
public boolean equals(Object obj)
{
if (!(obj instanceof Locales))
return false;
Mapping other = (Mapping) obj;
return country.equals(other.country) && language.equals(other.language) && script.equals(other.script) &&
lcid == other.lcid;
}
}
private final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(LcidToLocaleMapping.class);
/**
* Creates a new LCID to Locale mapping.
* <p>
* @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs while reading the LCID table
*/
LcidToLocaleMapping() throws IOException
{
Document doc = Jsoup.connect("https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc223140.aspx").get();
Element mainBody = doc.getElementById("mainBody");
Elements elements = mainBody.select("table");
assert (elements.size() == 1): elements;
for (Element table: elements)
{
boolean firstRow = true;
for (Element row: table.select("tr"))
{
if (firstRow)
{
// Make sure that columns are ordered as expected
List<String> headers = new ArrayList<>(3);
Elements columns = row.select("th");
for (Element column: columns)
headers.add(column.text().toLowerCase());
assert (headers.equals(EXPECTED_HEADERS)): headers;
firstRow = false;
continue;
}
Elements columns = row.select("td");
assert (columns.size() == 3): columns;
Integer lcid = Integer.parseInt(columns.get(0).text(), 16);
Matcher languageMatcher = languagePattern.matcher(columns.get(1).text());
if (!languageMatcher.find())
throw new AssertionError();
String language = languageMatcher.group(1);
String script = languageMatcher.group(2);
if (script == null)
script = "";
String country = columns.get(2).text();
Mapping mapping = new Mapping(country, language, script, lcid);
COUNTRY_TO_ENTRIES.put(country, mapping);
LANGUAGE_TO_ENTRIES.put(language, mapping);
if (!script.isEmpty())
SCRIPT_TO_ENTRIES.put(script, mapping);
}
}
}
/**
* Returns the LCID codes associated with a [country, language, script] combination.
* <p>
* @param language a language
* @param country a country (empty string if any country should match)
* @param script a language script (empty string if any script should match)
* @return an empty list if no matches are found
* @throws NullPointerException if any of the arguments are null
* @throws IllegalArgumentException if language is empty
*/
public Collection<Integer> listLcidFor(String language, String country, String script)
throws NullPointerException, IllegalArgumentException
{
Preconditions.requireThat(language, "language").isNotNull().isNotEmpty();
Preconditions.requireThat(country, "country").isNotNull();
Preconditions.requireThat(script, "script").isNotNull();
Set<Mapping> result = LANGUAGE_TO_ENTRIES.get(language);
if (result == null)
{
log.warn("Language '" + language + "' had no corresponding LCID");
return Collections.emptyList();
}
if (!country.isEmpty())
{
Set<Mapping> entries = COUNTRY_TO_ENTRIES.get(country);
result = Sets.intersection(result, entries);
}
if (!script.isEmpty())
{
Set<Mapping> entries = SCRIPT_TO_ENTRIES.get(script);
result = Sets.intersection(result, entries);
}
return result.stream().map(entry -> entry.lcid).collect(Collectors.toList());
}
/**
* @param name the locale country name
* @return the LCID country name
*/
public String getCountryAlias(String name)
{
String result = countryAlias.get(name);
if (result == null)
return name;
return result;
}
}
Maven依赖
<dependency>
<groupId>com.google.guava</groupId>
<artifactId>guava</artifactId>
<version>18.0</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.bitbucket.cowwoc</groupId>
<artifactId>preconditions</artifactId>
<version>1.25</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.jsoup</groupId>
<artifactId>jsoup</artifactId>
<version>1.8.3</version>
</dependency>
用法：
System.out.println("Language: " + new Locales().fromLcid(1033).getDisplayLanguage());
将打印。 “语言：英语”
含义，LCID 1033名映射到英语。
注意：这仅会于你的运行JVM可用语言环境映射。意思是，你只会得到所有可能的语言环境的子集。这么说，我不认为这是技术上是可行的实例，你的JVM不支持的语言环境，所以这可能是我们能做的最好的...
的是第一击在谷歌获得的 “Java LCID” 是本javadoc的：
gnu.java.awt.font.opentype.NameDecoder
私有静态java.util.Locale中 getWindowsLocale（INT LCID）
Maps a Windows LCID into a Java Locale. Parameters: lcid - the Windows language ID whose Java locale is to be retrieved. Returns: an suitable Locale, or null if the mapping cannot be performed.
我不知道哪里去了有关下载这个库，但它是GNU，所以它应该不会太难找。
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