“where”子句中的SQL Switch / Case

StackOverflow https://stackoverflow.com/questions/206484

  •  03-07-2019
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题

我试着四处寻找，但我找不到任何可以帮助我的东西。

我正在尝试在SQL中执行此操作：

declare @locationType varchar(50);
declare @locationID int;

SELECT column1, column2
FROM viewWhatever
WHERE
CASE @locationType
    WHEN 'location' THEN account_location = @locationID
    WHEN 'area' THEN xxx_location_area = @locationID
    WHEN 'division' THEN xxx_location_division = @locationID

我知道我不应该在每一行的末尾放置'= @locationID'，但我无法使语法接近正确。 SQL在第一个WHEN行上一直抱怨我的'='...

我该怎么做？

有帮助吗？

解决方案 

declare @locationType varchar(50);
declare @locationID int;

SELECT column1, column2
FROM viewWhatever
WHERE
@locationID = 
  CASE @locationType
      WHEN 'location' THEN account_location
      WHEN 'area' THEN xxx_location_area 
      WHEN 'division' THEN xxx_location_division 
  END

其他提示

没有案例陈述...... 

SELECT column1, column2
FROM viewWhatever
WHERE
    (@locationType = 'location' AND account_location = @locationID)
    OR
    (@locationType = 'area' AND xxx_location_area = @locationID)
    OR
    (@locationType = 'division' AND xxx_location_division = @locationID)

你走了。

SELECT
   column1, 
   column2
FROM
   viewWhatever
WHERE
CASE 
    WHEN @locationType = 'location' AND account_location = @locationID THEN 1
    WHEN @locationType = 'area' AND xxx_location_area = @locationID THEN 1
    WHEN @locationType = 'division' AND xxx_location_division = @locationID THEN 1
    ELSE 0
END = 1

我会说这是一个有缺陷的表结构的指标。也许不同的位置类型应该在不同的表中分开，这使您可以进行更丰富的查询，并避免使用多余的列。

如果您无法更改结构，可能会运行以下内容：

SELECT
    *
FROM
    Test
WHERE
    Account_Location = (
        CASE LocationType
          WHEN 'location' THEN @locationID
          ELSE Account_Location
        END
    )
    AND
    Account_Location_Area = (
        CASE LocationType
          WHEN 'area' THEN @locationID
          ELSE Account_Location_Area
        END
    )

依此类推......我们无法动态更改查询的结构，但我们可以通过使谓词相等来覆盖它。

编辑：上述建议当然要好得多，只要忽略我的。

这个问题是当SQL引擎去评估表达式时，它会检查FROM部分以获取正确的表，然后检查WHERE部分以提供一些基本条件，因此它无法正确评估动态条件要检查的列。

当您检查谓词中的WHERE条件时，可以使用WHERE子句，例如

WHERE account_location = CASE @locationType
                              WHEN 'business' THEN 45
                              WHEN 'area' THEN 52
                         END

因此，在您的特定情况下，您将需要将查询放入存储过程或创建三个单独的查询。

OR运算符可以在where where condition

时替代case 
ALTER PROCEDURE [dbo].[RPT_340bClinicDrugInventorySummary]
    -- Add the parameters for the stored procedure here
     @ClinicId BIGINT = 0,
     @selecttype int,
     @selectedValue varchar (50)
AS
BEGIN
-- SET NOCOUNT ON added to prevent extra result sets from
-- interfering with SELECT statements.
SET NOCOUNT ON;
SELECT
    drugstock_drugname.n_cur_bal,drugname.cdrugname,clinic.cclinicname

FROM drugstock_drugname
INNER JOIN drugname ON drugstock_drugname.drugnameid_FK = drugname.drugnameid_PK
INNER JOIN drugstock_drugndc ON drugname.drugnameid_PK = drugstock_drugndc.drugnameid_FK
INNER JOIN drugndc ON drugstock_drugndc.drugndcid_FK = drugndc.drugid_PK
LEFT JOIN clinic ON drugstock_drugname.clinicid_FK = clinic.clinicid_PK

WHERE   (@ClinicId = 0 AND 1 = 1)
    OR  (@ClinicId != 0 AND drugstock_drugname.clinicid_FK = @ClinicId)

    -- Alternative Case When You can use OR
    AND ((@selecttype = 1 AND 1 = 1)
    OR  (@selecttype = 2 AND drugname.drugnameid_PK = @selectedValue)
    OR  (@selecttype = 3 AND drugndc.drugid_PK = @selectedValue)
    OR  (@selecttype = 4 AND drugname.cdrugclass = 'C2')
    OR  (@selecttype = 5 AND LEFT(drugname.cdrugclass, 1) = 'C'))

ORDER BY clinic.cclinicname, drugname.cdrugname
END

请尝试此查询。 回答上面的帖子：

select @msgID, account_id
    from viewMailAccountsHeirachy
    where 
    CASE @smartLocationType
        WHEN 'store' THEN account_location
        WHEN 'area' THEN xxx_location_area 
        WHEN 'division' THEN xxx_location_division 
        WHEN 'company' THEN xxx_location_company 
    END  = @smartLocation

试试这个：

WHERE (
    @smartLocationType IS NULL 
    OR account_location = (
         CASE
            WHEN @smartLocationType IS NOT NULL 
                 THEN @smartLocationType
            ELSE account_location 
         END
    )
)

Case Statement in SQL Server Example

Syntax

CASE [ expression ]

   WHEN condition_1 THEN result_1
   WHEN condition_2 THEN result_2
   ...
   WHEN condition_n THEN result_n

   ELSE result

END

Example

SELECT contact_id,
CASE website_id
  WHEN 1 THEN 'TechOnTheNet.com'
  WHEN 2 THEN 'CheckYourMath.com'
  ELSE 'BigActivities.com'
END
FROM contacts;

OR

SELECT contact_id,
CASE
  WHEN website_id = 1 THEN 'TechOnTheNet.com'
  WHEN website_id = 2 THEN 'CheckYourMath.com'
  ELSE 'BigActivities.com'
END
FROM contacts;

尝试此查询。它很容易理解：

CREATE TABLE PersonsDetail(FirstName nvarchar(20), LastName nvarchar(20), GenderID int);
GO

INSERT INTO PersonsDetail VALUES(N'Gourav', N'Bhatia', 2),
              (N'Ramesh', N'Kumar', 1),
              (N'Ram', N'Lal', 2),
              (N'Sunil', N'Kumar', 3),
              (N'Sunny', N'Sehgal', 1),
              (N'Malkeet', N'Shaoul', 3),
              (N'Jassy', N'Sohal', 2);
GO

SELECT FirstName, LastName, Gender =
    CASE GenderID
    WHEN 1 THEN 'Male'
    WHEN 2 THEN 'Female'
    ELSE 'Unknown'
    END
FROM PersonsDetail
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