我是个学生,在我第一次C++编程级,我工作上的一个项目,我们必须创建多个自定义的异常类,然后在我们的一个事件处理程序,使用 try/catch 块来处理它们适当。

我的问题是:我怎么赶上我的 定义的例外情况在我 try/catch 块? GetMessage() 是一个定制的方法在我的异常类返回的例外解释为 std::string.下面我已经包含了所有相关代码,从我的项目。

谢谢你的帮助!

尝试/抓块


    // This is in one of my event handlers, newEnd is a wxTextCtrl
try {
    first.ValidateData();
    newEndT = first.ComputeEndTime();
    *newEnd << newEndT;
}
catch (// don't know what do to here) {
    wxMessageBox(_(e.GetMessage()), 
                 _("Something Went Wrong!"),
                 wxOK | wxICON_INFORMATION, this);;
}

ValidateData()方法


void Time::ValidateData()
{
    int startHours, startMins, endHours, endMins;

    startHours = startTime / MINUTES_TO_HOURS;
    startMins = startTime % MINUTES_TO_HOURS;
    endHours = endTime / MINUTES_TO_HOURS;
    endMins = endTime % MINUTES_TO_HOURS;

    if (!(startHours <= HOURS_MAX && startHours >= HOURS_MIN))
        throw new HourOutOfRangeException("Beginning Time Hour Out of Range!");
    if (!(endHours <= HOURS_MAX && endHours >= HOURS_MIN))
        throw new HourOutOfRangeException("Ending Time Hour Out of Range!");
    if (!(startMins <= MINUTE_MAX && startMins >= MINUTE_MIN))
        throw new MinuteOutOfRangeException("Starting Time Minute Out of    Range!");
    if (!(endMins <= MINUTE_MAX && endMins >= MINUTE_MIN))
        throw new MinuteOutOfRangeException("Ending Time Minute Out of Range!");
    if(!(timeDifference <= P_MAX && timeDifference >= P_MIN))
        throw new PercentageOutOfRangeException("Percentage Change Out of Range!");
    if (!(startTime < endTime))
        throw new StartEndException("Start Time Cannot Be Less Than End Time!");
}

只是我的一个自定义的异常类,其他人有相同的结构,因为这一个


class HourOutOfRangeException
{
public:
        // param constructor
        // initializes message to passed paramater
        // preconditions - param will be a string
        // postconditions - message will be initialized
        // params a string
        // no return type
        HourOutOfRangeException(string pMessage) : message(pMessage) {}
        // GetMessage is getter for var message
        // params none
        // preconditions - none
        // postconditions - none
        // returns string
        string GetMessage() { return message; }
        // destructor
        ~HourOutOfRangeException() {}
private:
        string message;
};
有帮助吗?

解决方案

如果您有多个异常类型,并假设有例外的层次结构(以及所有从std::exception的一些子类,公有派生)从最开始的具体,继续更普遍的:

try
{
    // throws something
}
catch ( const MostSpecificException& e )
{
    // handle custom exception
}
catch ( const LessSpecificException& e )
{
    // handle custom exception
}
catch ( const std::exception& e )
{
    // standard exceptions
}
catch ( ... )
{
    // everything else
}

在另一方面,如果你有兴趣,在短短的错误信息 - throw同样的异常,说有不同的消息std::runtime_error,然后catch是:

try
{
    // code throws some subclass of std::exception
}
catch ( const std::exception& e )
{
    std::cerr << "ERROR: " << e.what() << std::endl;
}

还记得 - 由值掷,捕捉由[常量]参考

其他提示

你应该创建一个基地的异常类和所有你的特定例外情况源自:

class BaseException { };
class HourOutOfRangeException : public BaseException { };
class MinuteOutOfRangeException : public BaseException { };

然后你可以赶上他们都在一个单一的渔获块:

catch (const BaseException& e) { }

如果你想要可以打电话 GetMessage, 你会需要:

  • 地方逻辑 BaseException, 或
  • GetMessage 一个虚拟件的功能在 BaseException 和复盖它在每个衍生出异常类。

你也可以考虑有例外情况源自一个标准图书馆的例外,就像 std::runtime_error 和使用的习惯 what() 成员的功能而不是的 GetMessage().

导出所有的异常从一个共同的基类BaseException具有虚拟方法GetMessage()的。

然后catch(const BaseException& e)

我今天也有类似的问题,但事实证明我不需要我的解决方案来解决我的问题。老实说,我想不出实际使用情况(记录?),我没有找到我的代码,它多大用处。

无论如何,这是与类型列表的方法(需要C ++ 11)。我觉得这个方法的优点是,有没有必要有自定义异常的通用基类(除的std ::例外,也许?)。换句话说,它是不是打扰到你的异常层次。

有可能有一些细微的错误,我不知道。

#include <type_traits>
#include <exception>

/// Helper class to handle multiple specific exception types
/// in cases when inheritance based approach would catch exceptions
/// that are not meant to be caught.
///
/// If the body of exception handling code is the same
/// for several exceptions,
/// these exceptions can be joined into one catch.
///
/// Only message data of the caught exception is provided.
///
/// @tparam T  Exception types.
/// @tparam Ts  At least one more exception type is required.
template <class T, class... Ts>
class MultiCatch;

/// Terminal case that holds the message.
/// ``void`` needs to be given as terminal explicitly.
template <>
class MultiCatch<void> {
 protected:
  explicit MultiCatch(const char* err_msg) : msg(err_msg) {}
  const char* msg;
};

template <class T, class... Ts>
class MultiCatch : public MultiCatch<Ts...> {
  static_assert(std::is_base_of<std::exception, T>::value, "Not an exception");

 public:
  using MultiCatch<Ts...>::MultiCatch;

  /// Implicit conversion from the guest exception.
  MultiCatch(const T& error) : MultiCatch<Ts...>(error.what()) {}  // NOLINT

  /// @returns The message of the original exception.
  const char* what() const noexcept {
    return MultiCatch<void>::msg;
  }
};

/// To avoid explicit ``void`` in the type list.
template <class... Ts>
using OneOf = MultiCatch<Ts..., void>;

/// Contrived example.
void foo() {
  try {
    bar();  // May throw three or more sibling or unrelated exceptions.
  } catch (const OneOf<IOError, OutOfMemory>& err) {
    log() << "External failure: " << err.what();

    throw;  // Throw the original exception.
  }
}

当模板不能,宏败局。 该解决方案是由升压拍摄。沸腾至7行的代码。

/// @file multicatch.hpp
#include <boost/preprocessor/variadic/to_list.hpp>
#include <boost/preprocessor/list/for_each.hpp>

/// Callers must define CATCH_BODY(err) to handle the error,
/// they can redefine the CATCH itself, but it is not as convenient. 
#define CATCH(R, _, T) \
  catch (T & err) {    \
    CATCH_BODY(err)    \
  }
/// Generates catches for multiple exception types
/// with the same error handling body.
#define MULTICATCH(...) \
  BOOST_PP_LIST_FOR_EACH(CATCH, _, BOOST_PP_VARIADIC_TO_LIST(__VA_ARGS__))
// end of file multicatch.hpp

/// @file app.cc
#include "multicatch.hpp"

// Contrived example.
/// Supply the error handling logic.
#define CATCH_BODY(err)                        \
  log() << "External failure: " << err.what(); \
  throw;

void foo() {
  try {
    bar();  // May throw three or more sibling or unrelated exceptions.
  }
  MULTICATCH(IOError, OutOfMemory)
}

#undef CATCH_BODY

我遇到同样的问题,这里是我结束了:

  std::shared_ptr<MappedImage> MappedImage::get(const std::string & image_dir,
                                                const std::string & name,
                                                const Packet::Checksum & checksum) {
    try {
      return std::shared_ptr<MappedImage>(images_.at(checksum));
    } catch (std::out_of_range) {
    } catch (std::bad_weak_ptr) {
    }
    std::shared_ptr<MappedImage> img =
      std::make_shared<MappedImage>(image_dir, name, checksum);
    images_[checksum_] = img;
    return img;
  }

在我的情况下,在函数返回时,它不会例外。所以,我其实没有做Catch中的任何东西,但可以做的尝试之外的工作。

#include <iostream> void test(int x)` { try{ if(x==1) throw (1); else if(x==2) throw (2.0); } catch(int a) { cout<<"It's Integer"; } catch(double b) { cout<<"it's Double"; } } int main(){ cout<<" x=1"; test(1); cout<<"X=2"; test(2.0); return 0; }`
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