I've found such way, using PresentationCore.dll, very strange for me, that such enum doesn't exist in standart UIA DLL. Also please pay attention, that there is a bug in ControlType class, I guess due to its private static constructor. If you call ControlType.LookupById(enumId) 1st time, it will return null, but in the 2nd time will be OK. The solution is quite simple -- just call ToString before usage, it will initialize the static constructor :)
using System.Windows.Automation.Peers;
// solving the bug with static constructor of ControlType..
ControlType.Button.ToString();
string controlTypeString = "Window";
AutomationControlType typeEnum;
bool result = Enum.TryParse(controlTypeString, true, out typeEnum);
if (result) typeEnum = (AutomationControlType)Enum.Parse(typeof(AutomationControlType), controlTypeString);
int enumId = (int)typeEnum + 50000;
ControlType controlType = ControlType.LookupById(enumId);