Perl和PHP使用反引号执行此操作。例如,

$output = `ls`;

返回目录列表。类似的函数system("foo")返回给定命令foo的操作系统返回码。我正在谈论一个将foo打印返回到stdout的变体。

其他语言如何做到这一点?这个函数有一个规范名称吗? (我要用<!> quot; backtick <!>引用;;虽然也许我可以硬币<!>“; syslurp <!>”。)

有帮助吗?

解决方案 20

的Perl:

$output = `foo`;

ADDED:这真的是一个多方面的关系。以上也是有效的PHP,例如,Ruby也使用相同的反引号表示法。

其他提示

的Python:

import os
output = os.popen("foo").read()

[应 Alexman dreeves - 见评论 - ,你会发现 DZones Java Snippet页面 完整版本独立于Os,用于制作”ls“。这是他们的 代码挑战 即可。结果 下面的内容只是核心:Runtime.exec,加上2个线程来监听stdout和stderr。 ]

Java <!>“简单!<!>”:

E:\classes\com\javaworld\jpitfalls\article2>java GoodWindowsExec "dir *.java"
Executing cmd.exe /C dir *.java
...

或者在java代码中

String output = GoodWindowsExec.execute("dir");

但要做到这一点,你需要编码......
......这很尴尬。

import java.util.*;
import java.io.*;
class StreamGobbler extends Thread
{
    InputStream is;
    String type;
    StringBuffer output = new StringBuffer();

    StreamGobbler(InputStream is, String type)
    {
        this.is = is;
        this.type = type;
    }

    public void run()
    {
        try
        {
            InputStreamReader isr = new InputStreamReader(is);
            BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(isr);
            String line=null;
            while ( (line = br.readLine()) != null)
                System.out.println(type + ">" + line);
                output.append(line+"\r\n")
            } catch (IOException ioe)
              {
                ioe.printStackTrace();  
              }
    }
    public String getOutput()
    {
        return this.output.toString();
    }
}
public class GoodWindowsExec
{
    public static void main(String args[])
    {
        if (args.length < 1)
        {
            System.out.println("USAGE: java GoodWindowsExec <cmd>");
            System.exit(1);
        }
    }
    public static String execute(String aCommand)
    {
        String output = "";
        try
        {            
            String osName = System.getProperty("os.name" );
            String[] cmd = new String[3];
            if( osName.equals( "Windows 95" ) )
            {
                cmd[0] = "command.com" ;
                cmd[1] = "/C" ;
                cmd[2] = aCommand;
            }
            else if( osName.startsWith( "Windows" ) )
            {
                cmd[0] = "cmd.exe" ;
                cmd[1] = "/C" ;
                cmd[2] = aCommand;
            }

            Runtime rt = Runtime.getRuntime();
            System.out.println("Executing " + cmd[0] + " " + cmd[1] 
                               + " " + cmd[2]);
            Process proc = rt.exec(cmd);
            // any error message?
            StreamGobbler errorGobbler = new 
                StreamGobbler(proc.getErrorStream(), "ERROR");            

            // any output?
            StreamGobbler outputGobbler = new 
                StreamGobbler(proc.getInputStream(), "OUTPUT");

            // kick them off
            errorGobbler.start();
            outputGobbler.start();

            // any error???
            int exitVal = proc.waitFor();
            System.out.println("ExitValue: " + exitVal);   

            output = outputGobbler.getOutput();
            System.out.println("Final output: " + output);   

        } catch (Throwable t)
          {
            t.printStackTrace();
          }
        return output;
    }
}

在Perl中实现它的另一种方法(TIMTOWTDI)

$output = <<`END`;
ls
END

在Perl程序中嵌入相对较大的shell脚本时,这非常有用

Ruby:反引号或'%x'内置语法。

puts `ls`;
puts %x{ls};

perl中的另一种方法

$output = qx/ls/;

这样做的好处是你可以选择你的分隔符,这样就可以在命令中使用`(虽然恕我直言,你应该重新考虑你的设计,如果你真的需要这样做)。另一个重要的优点是,如果使用单引号作为分隔符,则不会插入变量(非常有用)

Haskell中:

import Control.Exception
import System.IO
import System.Process
main = bracket (runInteractiveCommand "ls") close $ \(_, hOut, _, _) -> do
    output <- hGetContents hOut
    putStr output
  where close (hIn, hOut, hErr, pid) =
          mapM_ hClose [hIn, hOut, hErr] >> waitForProcess pid

安装了 MissingH

import System.Cmd.Utils
main = do
    (pid, output) <- pipeFrom "ls" []
    putStr output
    forceSuccess pid

这是<!>“胶水<!>”中的简单操作。像Perl和Ruby这样的语言,但Haskell不是。

在shell中

OUTPUT=`ls`

或者

OUTPUT=$(ls)

第二种方法更好,因为它允许嵌套,但与第一种方法不同,所有shell都不支持。

二郎:

os:cmd("ls")

好吧,因为这是依赖于系统的,所以有许多语言没有内置的包装器来处理所需的各种系统调用。

例如,Common Lisp本身并不是为在任何特定系统上运行而设计的。然而,SBCL(Steel Banks Common Lisp实现)确实为类Unix系统提供了扩展,大多数其他CL实现也是如此。这更像是<!>“强大的<!>”;当然,不仅仅是获取输出(你可以控制运行过程,可以指定所有类型的流方向等,参考SBCL手册,第6.3章),但是为这个特定的内容编写一个小宏很容易目的:

(defmacro with-input-from-command ((stream-name command args) &body body)
  "Binds the output stream of command to stream-name, then executes the body
   in an implicit progn."
  `(with-open-stream
       (,stream-name
         (sb-ext:process-output (sb-ext:run-program ,command
                                                    ,args
                                                    :search t
                                                    :output :stream)))
     ,@body))

现在,您可以像这样使用它:

(with-input-from-command (ls "ls" '("-l"))
  ;;do fancy stuff with the ls stream
  )

也许你想把它全部塞进一个字符串中。宏是微不足道的(虽然可能更简洁的代码):

(defmacro syslurp (command args)
  "Returns the output from command as a string. command is to be supplied
   as string, args as a list of strings."
  (let ((istream (gensym))
        (ostream (gensym))
        (line (gensym)))
    `(with-input-from-command (,istream ,command ,args)
       (with-output-to-string (,ostream)
         (loop (let ((,line (read-line ,istream nil)))
                 (when (null ,line) (return))
                 (write-line ,line ,ostream)))))))

现在你可以通过这个电话获得一个字符串:

(syslurp "ls" '("-l"))

数学:

output = Import["!foo", "Text"];

多年前我为插件与本机应用程序连接的“rel =”nofollow noreferrer“> jEdit 。这就是我用来从正在运行的可执行文件中获取流的内容。只剩下要做的事是while((String s = stdout.readLine())!=null){...}

/* File:    IOControl.java
 *
 * created: 10 July 2003
 * author:  dsm
 */
package org.jpop.io;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.PrintStream;

/**
 *  Controls the I/O for a process. When using the std[in|out|err] streams, they must all be put on
 *  different threads to avoid blocking!
 *
 * @author     dsm
 * @version    1.5
 */
public class IOControl extends Object {
    private Process process;
    private BufferedReader stdout;
    private BufferedReader stderr;
    private PrintStream stdin;

    /**
     *  Constructor for the IOControl object
     *
     * @param  process  The process to control I/O for
     */
    public IOControl(Process process) {
        this.process = process;
        this.stdin = new PrintStream(process.getOutputStream());
        this.stdout = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(process.getInputStream()));
        this.stderr = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(process.getErrorStream()));
    }

    /**
     *  Gets the stdin attribute of the IOControl object
     *
     * @return    The stdin value
     */
    public PrintStream getStdin() {
        return this.stdin;
    }

    /**
     *  Gets the stdout attribute of the IOControl object
     *
     * @return    The stdout value
     */
    public BufferedReader getStdout() {
        return this.stdout;
    }

    /**
     *  Gets the stderr attribute of the IOControl object
     *
     * @return    The stderr value
     */
    public BufferedReader getStderr() {
        return this.stderr;
    }

    /**
     *  Gets the process attribute of the IOControl object. To monitor the process (as opposed to
     *  just letting it run by itself) its necessary to create a thread like this: <pre>
     *. IOControl ioc;
     *.
     *. new Thread(){
     *.     public void run(){
     *.         while(true){    // only necessary if you want the process to respawn
     *.             try{
     *.                 ioc = new IOControl(Runtime.getRuntime().exec("procname"));
     *.                 // add some code to handle the IO streams
     *.                 ioc.getProcess().waitFor();
     *.             }catch(InterruptedException ie){
     *.                 // deal with exception
     *.             }catch(IOException ioe){
     *.                 // deal with exception
     *.             }
     *.
     *.             // a break condition can be included here to terminate the loop
     *.         }               // only necessary if you want the process to respawn
     *.     }
     *. }.start();
     *  </pre>
     *
     * @return    The process value
     */
    public Process getProcess() {
        return this.process;
    }
}

不要忘记Tcl:

set result [exec ls]

C#3.0,比这一个

using System;
using System.Diagnostics;

class Program
{
    static void Main()
    {
        var info = new ProcessStartInfo("cmd", "/c dir") { UseShellExecute = false, RedirectStandardOutput = true };
        Console.WriteLine(Process.Start(info).StandardOutput.ReadToEnd());
    }
}

警告:生产代码应该正确处理Process对象......

另一种方式(或2!)在Perl ....

open my $pipe, 'ps |';
my @output = < $pipe >;
say @output;

open 也可以这样编写......

open my $pipe, '-|', 'ps'

在PHP中

$output = `ls`;

$output = shell_exec('ls');

C(带glibc扩展名):

#define _GNU_SOURCE
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
    char *s = NULL;
    FILE *p = popen("ls", "r");
    getdelim(&s, NULL, '\0', p);
    pclose(p);
    printf("%s", s);
    return 0;
}

好的,不是很简洁或干净。这就是C ......的生活。

符合Posix标准的系统中的C:

#include <stdio.h> 

FILE* stream = popen("/path/to/program", "rw");
fprintf(stream, "foo\n"); /* Use like you would a file stream. */
fclose(stream);

为什么这里仍然没有c#人:)

这是如何在C#中完成的。内置方式。

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Diagnostics;

namespace TestConsole
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            Process p = new Process();

            p.StartInfo.UseShellExecute = false;
            p.StartInfo.CreateNoWindow = true;
            p.StartInfo.RedirectStandardOutput = true;
            p.StartInfo.RedirectStandardError = true;
            p.StartInfo.FileName = "cmd";
            p.StartInfo.Arguments = "/c dir";
            p.Start();

            string res = p.StandardOutput.ReadToEnd();
            Console.WriteLine(res);
        }

    }
}

这是另一种Lisp方式:

(defun execute (program parameters &optional (buffer-size 1000))
  (let ((proc (sb-ext:run-program program parameters :search t :output :stream))
        (output (make-array buffer-size :adjustable t :fill-pointer t 
                            :element-type 'character)))
    (with-open-stream (stream (sb-ext:process-output proc))
      (setf (fill-pointer output) (read-sequence output stream)))
    output))

然后,获取你的字符串:

(execute "cat" '("/etc/hosts"))

如果你想运行一个命令来创建STDOUT的大量信息,你可以像这样运行它:

(execute "big-writer" '("some" "parameters") 1000000)

最后一个参数为big-writer的输出预分配了大量空间。我猜这个函数可能比一次读取一行输出流更快。

Lua

    foo = io.popen("ls"):read("*a")

J

output=:2!:0'ls'

Perl,另一种方式:

use IPC::Run3

my ($stdout, $stderr);
run3 ['ls'], undef, \$stdout, \$stderr
    or die "ls failed";

很有用,因为您可以提供命令输入,并分别返回stderr和stdout。没有像IPC::Run那样整洁/可怕/缓慢/令人不安,这可以设置管道到子程序。

图标/ UNICON:

stream := open("ls", "p")
while line := read(stream) do { 
    # stuff
}

文档称之为管道。其中一个好处是它使输出看起来像你只是在阅读文件。这也意味着如果必须,你可以写入应用程序的标准输入。

Clozure Common Lisp:

(with-output-to-string (stream)
   (run-program "ls" '("-l") :output stream))

LispWorks

(with-output-to-string (*standard-output*)
  (sys:call-system-showing-output "ls -l" :prefix "" :show-cmd nil))

当然,它不是较小的(来自所有可用的语言)但它不应该那么冗长。

此版本很脏。应该处理例外情况,可以改进阅读。这只是为了展示java版本的启动方式。

Process p = Runtime.getRuntime().exec( "cmd /c " + command );
InputStream i = p.getInputStream();
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
for(  int c = 0 ; ( c =  i.read() ) > -1  ; ) {
    sb.append( ( char ) c );
}

完整的程序如下。

import java.io.*;

public class Test { 
    public static void main ( String [] args ) throws IOException { 
        String result = execute( args[0] );
        System.out.println( result );
    }
    private static String execute( String command ) throws IOException  { 
        Process p = Runtime.getRuntime().exec( "cmd /c " + command );
        InputStream i = p.getInputStream();
        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
        for(  int c = 0 ; ( c =  i.read() ) > -1  ; ) {
            sb.append( ( char ) c );
        }
        i.close();
        return sb.toString();
    }
}

示例输出(使用type命令)

C:\oreyes\samples\java\readinput>java Test "type hello.txt"
This is a sample file
with some
lines

示例输出(dir)

 C:\oreyes\samples\java\readinput>java Test "dir"
 El volumen de la unidad C no tiene etiqueta.
 El número de serie del volumen es:

 Directorio de C:\oreyes\samples\java\readinput

12/16/2008  05:51 PM    <DIR>          .
12/16/2008  05:51 PM    <DIR>          ..
12/16/2008  05:50 PM                42 hello.txt
12/16/2008  05:38 PM             1,209 Test.class
12/16/2008  05:47 PM               682 Test.java
               3 archivos          1,933 bytes
               2 dirs            840 bytes libres

尝试任何

java Test netstat
java Test tasklist
java Test "taskkill /pid 416"

修改

我必须承认,我不是100%确定这是<!>“最好的<!>”;这样做的方式。随意发布参考文献和/或代码,以显示如何改进或错误。

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