Finally the solution was int the line where I specify which program to use as shell. In my case, I found bot "Pyshell.pyc" and "idle.pyw". The second seems to be the right to poit at, as everything works fine now. So, my personal shell launcher looks like this:
@echo off
SET IDLE=C:\PROGRA~1\QUANTU~1
call "%IDLE%"\apps\Python27\Lib\idlelib\idle.pyw
@echo off
SET GDAL_DRIVER_PATH=%IDLE%\bin\gdalplugins\1.9
path %PATH%;%IDLE%\apps\qgis\bin
path %PATH%;%IDLE%\apps\grass\grass-6.4.2\lib
path %PATH%;"%IDLE%\apps\Python27\Scripts\"
set PYTHONPATH=%PYTHONPATH%;%IDLE%\apps\qgis\python;
set PYTHONPATH=%PYTHONPATH%;%IDLE%\apps\Python27\Lib\site-packages
set QGIS_PREFIX_PATH=%IDLE%\apps\qgis
start "Quantum GIS Shell" /B "cmd.exe" %*
Anyway, this was a workaround to set the environment variables to use PyQGIS, as I had difficulties to set them in the "normal" way. Unfortuntely, I didn't fix my problem, as I'm still getting errors while importing the "qgis.core" module, while using the original shell launcher through cmd.exe it works, but it's not a good IDE though...