You can use the V8 engine if you want for Couch. A guy from IrisCouch wrote couchjs to do this (I've seen him on Stack Overflow quite a bit too).
https://github.com/iriscouch/couchjs
Also for views, filtered replication, things like that, you can write the functions in Erlang instead of javascript. I've done that and seen around a 50% performance increase.
Seems you can write list functions in Erlang: http://tisba.de/2010/11/25/native-list-functions-with-couchdb/