如何在SQL Server中找到未编制索引的外键

Question

我有一个SQL Server 2000数据库，大约有220个表。这些表之间有许多外键关系。通过性能分析，我们发现许多这些外键关系都缺少索引。我不想对性能问题做出反应，而是积极主动地找到所有缺少索引的外键。

如何以编程方式确定哪个外键缺少索引？

Answer 1

这是一个适用于由同事创作的SQL Server 2000的答案：

/*
Description:
    This script outputs a table with all the current database un-indexed foreign keys.

    The table has three columns ( TableName , ColumnName, ForeignKeyName ) 
    TableName: The table containing the un-indexed foreign key
    ColumnName: The foreign key column that’s not indexed 
    ForeignKeyName: Name of foreign key witch column doesn’t have an index 
    */
DECLARE 
    @TableName varchar(255),
    @ColumnName varchar(255),
    @ForeignKeyName sysname

SET NOCOUNT ON
SET TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL READ UNCOMMITTED

DECLARE FKColumns_cursor CURSOR Fast_Forward FOR
SELECT  cu.TABLE_NAME, cu.COLUMN_NAME, cu.CONSTRAINT_NAME
FROM    INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLE_CONSTRAINTS ic 
    INNER JOIN INFORMATION_SCHEMA.KEY_COLUMN_USAGE cu ON ic.CONSTRAINT_NAME = cu.CONSTRAINT_NAME
WHERE   ic.CONSTRAINT_TYPE = 'FOREIGN KEY'

CREATE TABLE #temp1(    
    TableName varchar(255),
    ColumnName varchar(255),
    ForeignKeyName sysname
)

OPEN FKColumns_cursor  
FETCH NEXT FROM FKColumns_cursor INTO @TableName, @ColumnName, @ForeignKeyName

WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS = 0  
BEGIN

    IF ( SELECT COUNT(*)
    FROM    sysobjects o    
        INNER JOIN sysindexes x ON x.id = o.id
        INNER JOIN  syscolumns c ON o.id = c.id 
        INNER JOIN sysindexkeys xk ON c.colid = xk.colid AND o.id = xk.id AND x.indid = xk.indid
    WHERE   o.type in ('U')
        AND xk.keyno <= x.keycnt
        AND permissions(o.id, c.name) <> 0
        AND (x.status&32) = 0
        AND o.name = @TableName
        AND c.name = @ColumnName
    ) = 0
    BEGIN
        INSERT INTO #temp1 SELECT @TableName, @ColumnName, @ForeignKeyName
    END


    FETCH NEXT FROM FKColumns_cursor INTO @TableName, @ColumnName, @ForeignKeyName
END  
CLOSE FKColumns_cursor  
DEALLOCATE FKColumns_cursor 

SELECT * FROM #temp1 ORDER BY TableName

Answer 2

SELECT  *
FROM    sys.foreign_keys fk
WHERE   EXISTS
        (
        SELECT  *
        FROM    sys.foreign_key_columns fkc
        WHERE   fkc.constraint_object_id = fk.object_id
                AND NOT EXISTS
                (
                SELECT  *
                FROM    sys.index_columns ic
                WHERE   ic.object_id = fkc.parent_object_id
                        AND ic.column_id = fkc.parent_column_id
                        AND ic.index_column_id = fkc.constraint_column_id
                )
        )

我没有方便的 SQL Server 2000 副本，但您可能需要将 sys.foreign_key 更改为 sysforeignkeys 等。 ，如 here 所述。

此查询选择所有没有索引的外键，该索引覆盖构成密钥的所有列。

这也支持多列外键。

但是，如果存在覆盖所有列的复合索引但是它们不是此索引中最左侧的列，则会返回误报。

就像，如果 FOREIGN KEY（col2，col3）和（col1，col2，col3）上的索引，这将返回有一个索引尽管这个外键没有这个索引。

Answer 3

基于上面的代码，删除临时表并获取脚本来创建索引。

   /*
Description:

    */
DECLARE 
    @SchemaName varchar(255),
    @TableName varchar(255),
    @ColumnName varchar(255),
    @ForeignKeyName sysname

SET NOCOUNT ON
SET TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL READ UNCOMMITTED

DECLARE FKColumns_cursor CURSOR Fast_Forward FOR
SELECT  cu.TABLE_SCHEMA, cu.TABLE_NAME, cu.COLUMN_NAME, cu.CONSTRAINT_NAME
FROM    INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLE_CONSTRAINTS ic 
    INNER JOIN INFORMATION_SCHEMA.KEY_COLUMN_USAGE cu ON ic.CONSTRAINT_NAME = cu.CONSTRAINT_NAME
WHERE   ic.CONSTRAINT_TYPE = 'FOREIGN KEY'

CREATE TABLE #temp1(    
    SchemaName varchar(255),
    TableName varchar(255),
    ColumnName varchar(255),
    ForeignKeyName sysname
)

OPEN FKColumns_cursor  
FETCH NEXT FROM FKColumns_cursor INTO @SchemaName,@TableName, @ColumnName, @ForeignKeyName

WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS = 0  
BEGIN

    IF ( SELECT COUNT(*)
    FROM        sysobjects o    
        INNER JOIN sysindexes x ON x.id = o.id
        INNER JOIN  syscolumns c ON o.id = c.id 
        INNER JOIN sysindexkeys xk ON c.colid = xk.colid AND o.id = xk.id AND x.indid = xk.indid
    WHERE       o.type in ('U')
        AND xk.keyno <= x.keycnt
        AND permissions(o.id, c.name) <> 0
        AND (x.status&32) = 0
        AND o.name = @TableName
        AND c.name = @ColumnName
    ) = 0
    BEGIN
        INSERT INTO #temp1 SELECT @SchemaName, @TableName, @ColumnName, @ForeignKeyName
    END


    FETCH NEXT FROM FKColumns_cursor INTO @SchemaName,@TableName, @ColumnName, @ForeignKeyName
END  
CLOSE FKColumns_cursor  
DEALLOCATE FKColumns_cursor 

SELECT 'CREATE INDEX IDX_' + ForeignKeyName + ' ON ' + SchemaName + '.' + TableName + '(' + ColumnName +')'
FROM #temp1 
ORDER BY TableName

drop table #temp1 

Answer 4

在我的帖子中”用于创建外键索引的SQL脚本“我已将链接添加到2个实现中： paul_nielsen ＆＃8217; s和 tklimczak（需要登录sqlservercentral ）

Answer 5

首先：列出具有外键约束的列。这将有所帮助：

查询以获取SQL中的所有外键约束Server 2000

与 sysindexes 和 syscolumns 表交叉比较; sysindexes 中的 keys 字段包含索引中所有键的列表。

Answer 6

注意：这是针对SQL Server 2005+的，但这是我发现的关于此主题的唯一问题。

--Finds foreign keys without indexes
--How to interpret:
--When we delete frpm PkTable, it checks FkColumn for the PkId we are deleting.
--So if FkTable doesn't have an index on FkColumn, then we cannot delete a row from PkTable because it is too slow.
SELECT  rt.name as PkTableName, rc.name as PkColumnName,
fk.name FkName, t.name as FkTableName, c.name as FkColumnName, ddps.row_count, i.name as IndexName
FROM    sys.foreign_key_columns fkc
inner join sys.foreign_keys fk on fkc.constraint_object_id = fk.object_id
inner join sys.tables t on fkc.parent_object_id = t.object_id
inner join sys.columns c on fkc.parent_object_id = c.object_id and fkc.parent_column_id = c.column_id
inner join sys.tables rt on fkc.referenced_object_id = rt.object_id
inner join sys.columns rc on fkc.referenced_object_id = rc.object_id and fkc.referenced_column_id = rc.column_id
inner join sys.indexes ri on t.object_id = ri.object_id
inner JOIN sys.dm_db_partition_stats AS ddps ON ri.OBJECT_ID = ddps.OBJECT_ID AND ri.index_id = ddps.index_id 
left join sys.index_columns ic on ic.object_id = t.object_id and ic.column_id = c.column_id
left join sys.indexes i on ic.object_id = i.object_id and i.index_id = ic.index_id
where ri.index_id < 2 and i.index_id is null and ddps.row_count > 0
order by 
--PkTableName,
ddps.row_count desc