I was confusing two different things in my question.
Firstly, as PaulR explained in the comments: "There are no 128 bit arithmetic operations in SSE or AVX (apart from bitwise operations)". Considering this, 128-bit arithmetic has to be emulated on modern x86-64 based processors (e.g. AMD Family 10 or Intel Core architecture). This has nothing to do with GCC.
The second part of the question is whether or not 128-bit arithmetic emulation in GCC benefits from SSE/AVX instructions or registers. As implied in PaulR's comments, there isn't much in SSE/AVX that's going to allow you to do 128-bit arithmetic more easily; most likely x86-64 instructions will be used for this. The code I'm interested in can't compile with -mno-sse
, but it compiles fine with -mno-sse2 -mno-sse3 -mno-ssse3 -mno-sse4 -mno-sse4.1 -mno-sse4.2 -mno-avx -mno-avx2
and performance isn't affected. So my code doesn't benefit from modern SSE instructions.