我需要储存一些统计数据的使用JavaScript的方式喜欢我做C#:

Dictionary<string, int> statistics;

statistics["Foo"] = 10;
statistics["Goo"] = statistics["Goo"] + 1;
statistics.Add("Zoo", 1);

是有一个 Hashtable 或类似的东西 Dictionary<TKey, TValue> 在JavaScript?
我怎么可能储存的价值观,在这样一种方式?

有帮助吗?

解决方案

使用 JavaScript对象作为关联数组

  

关联数组:简单来说,关联数组使用字符串而不是整数作为索引。

使用

创建对象
var dictionary = {};
  

Javascript允许您使用以下语法向对象添加属性:

Object.yourProperty = value;

相同的替代语法是:

Object["yourProperty"] = value;

如果您还可以使用以下语法

创建值对象映射的键
var point = { x:3, y:2 };

point["x"] // returns 3
point.y // returns 2
  

您可以使用for..in循环结构迭代关联数组,如下所示

for(var key in Object.keys(dict)){
  var value = dict[key];
  /* use key/value for intended purpose */
}

其他提示

var associativeArray = {};
associativeArray["one"] = "First";
associativeArray["two"] = "Second";
associativeArray["three"] = "Third";

如果您来自面向对象语言,请查看这篇文章

除非您有特殊原因,否则只需使用普通对象即可。可以使用哈希表样式语法引用Javascript中的对象属性:

var hashtable = {};
hashtable.foo = "bar";
hashtable['bar'] = "foo";

现在可以将foobar元素引用为:

hashtable['foo'];
hashtable['bar'];
// or
hashtable.foo;
hashtable.bar;

当然这意味着您的密钥必须是字符串。如果它们不是字符串,则它们在内部转换为字符串,因此它仍然可以工作,YMMV。

所有现代化的浏览器支持javascript 地图 对象。有几个原因,使用地图的比对象:

  • 一个对象有一个原型,所以有默认的钥匙在地图。
  • 钥匙的对象是串,他们在那里可以是任何价值的地图。
  • 你可以获得大小的地图很容易的话,你必须跟踪的尺寸的对象。

例如:

var myMap = new Map();

var keyObj = {},
    keyFunc = function () {},
    keyString = "a string";

myMap.set(keyString, "value associated with 'a string'");
myMap.set(keyObj, "value associated with keyObj");
myMap.set(keyFunc, "value associated with keyFunc");

myMap.size; // 3

myMap.get(keyString);    // "value associated with 'a string'"
myMap.get(keyObj);       // "value associated with keyObj"
myMap.get(keyFunc);      // "value associated with keyFunc"

如果你想要钥匙未引用的其他目的将垃圾收集,应考虑使用 WeakMap 而不是个地图。

由于JS中的每个对象都表现得像 - 并且通常被实现为 - 一个哈希表,我只需要使用它......

var hashSweetHashTable = {};

所以在C#中代码如下:

Dictionary<string,int> dictionary = new Dictionary<string,int>();
dictionary.add("sample1", 1);
dictionary.add("sample2", 2);

var dictionary = new Dictionary<string, int> {
    {"sample1", 1},
    {"sample2", 2}
};
JavaScript中的

var dictionary = {
    "sample1": 1,
    "sample2": 2
}

C#字典对象包含有用的方法,如dictionary.ContainsKey() 在JavaScript中我们可以使用hasOwnProperty喜欢

if (dictionary.hasOwnProperty("sample1"))
    console.log("sample1 key found and its value is"+ dictionary["sample1"]);

如果您要求您的密钥是任何对象而不仅仅是字符串,那么您可以使用我的 jshashtable

我创造了这个实现一些问题,例如对象的关键映射、能力枚举(与 forEach() 法)和清除。

function Hashtable() {
    this._map = new Map();
    this._indexes = new Map();
    this._keys = [];
    this._values = [];
    this.put = function(key, value) {
        var newKey = !this.containsKey(key);
        this._map.set(key, value);
        if (newKey) {
            this._indexes.set(key, this.length);
            this._keys.push(key);
            this._values.push(value);
        }
    };
    this.remove = function(key) {
        if (!this.containsKey(key))
            return;
        this._map.delete(key);
        var index = this._indexes.get(key);
        this._indexes.delete(key);
        this._keys.splice(index, 1);
        this._values.splice(index, 1);
    };
    this.indexOfKey = function(key) {
        return this._indexes.get(key);
    };
    this.indexOfValue = function(value) {
        return this._values.indexOf(value) != -1;
    };
    this.get = function(key) {
        return this._map.get(key);
    };
    this.entryAt = function(index) {
        var item = {};
        Object.defineProperty(item, "key", {
            value: this.keys[index],
            writable: false
        });
        Object.defineProperty(item, "value", {
            value: this.values[index],
            writable: false
        });
        return item;
    };
    this.clear = function() {
        var length = this.length;
        for (var i = 0; i < length; i++) {
            var key = this.keys[i];
            this._map.delete(key);
            this._indexes.delete(key);
        }
        this._keys.splice(0, length);
    };
    this.containsKey = function(key) {
        return this._map.has(key);
    };
    this.containsValue = function(value) {
        return this._values.indexOf(value) != -1;
    };
    this.forEach = function(iterator) {
        for (var i = 0; i < this.length; i++)
            iterator(this.keys[i], this.values[i], i);
    };
    Object.defineProperty(this, "length", {
        get: function() {
            return this._keys.length;
        }
    });
    Object.defineProperty(this, "keys", {
        get: function() {
            return this._keys;
        }
    });
    Object.defineProperty(this, "values", {
        get: function() {
            return this._values;
        }
    });
    Object.defineProperty(this, "entries", {
        get: function() {
            var entries = new Array(this.length);
            for (var i = 0; i < entries.length; i++)
                entries[i] = this.entryAt(i);
            return entries;
        }
    });
}


文件的类 Hashtable

方法:

  • get(key)
    返回的价值相关联到指定的关键。
    参数:
    key:关键从中检索的价值。

  • put(key, value)
    同的指定价值的到指定的关键。
    参数:
    key:的关键,其关联的价值。
    value:值相关联的关键。

  • remove(key)
    删除指定的关键用其价值。
    参数:
    key:关键删除。

  • clear()
    清除所有hashtable,去除这两个键的和价值观。

  • indexOfKey(key)
    返回索引的指定关键的基础上增加的顺序。
    参数:
    key:关键的,它获得的索引。

  • indexOfValue(value)
    返回索引的指定价值,基于增加顺序。
    参数:
    value:其价值获得的索引。
    注:
    这种信息的检索 indexOf() 方法的一个阵列,使它比较的对象只是 toString() 法。

  • entryAt(index)
    返回的一个对象有两个特性:关键的和价值,代表入口在指定的索引。
    参数:
    index:索引条目的获得。

  • containsKey(key)
    返回是否hashtable包含特定的关键。
    参数:
    key:关键的检查。

  • containsValue(value)
    返回是否hashtable包含的指定价值。
    参数:
    value:值来检查。

  • forEach(iterator)
    访问的所有条目的指定 iterator.
    参数:
    value:一方法有3个参数: key, valueindex, ,哪里 index 表示的索引条目。

    性能:

  • length (只读的)
    获得数项hashtable.

  • keys (只读的)
    得到一个列有所有的钥匙在hashtable.

  • values (只读的)
    得到一系列的所有数值在hashtable.

  • entries (只读的)
    得到一系列中的所有项hashtable.他们表示在同样形式的方法 entryAt().

function HashTable() {
    this.length = 0;
    this.items = new Array();
    for (var i = 0; i < arguments.length; i += 2) {
        if (typeof (arguments[i + 1]) != 'undefined') {
            this.items[arguments[i]] = arguments[i + 1];
            this.length++;
        }
    }

    this.removeItem = function (in_key) {
        var tmp_previous;
        if (typeof (this.items[in_key]) != 'undefined') {
            this.length--;
            var tmp_previous = this.items[in_key];
            delete this.items[in_key];
        }

        return tmp_previous;
    }

    this.getItem = function (in_key) {
        return this.items[in_key];
    }

    this.setItem = function (in_key, in_value) {
        var tmp_previous;
        if (typeof (in_value) != 'undefined') {
            if (typeof (this.items[in_key]) == 'undefined') {
                this.length++;
            } else {
                tmp_previous = this.items[in_key];
            }

            this.items[in_key] = in_value;
        }

        return tmp_previous;
    }

    this.hasItem = function (in_key) {
        return typeof (this.items[in_key]) != 'undefined';
    }

    this.clear = function () {
        for (var i in this.items) {
            delete this.items[i];
        }

        this.length = 0;
    }
}

https://gist.github.com/alexhawkins/f6329420f40e5cafa0a4

var HashTable = function() {
  this._storage = [];
  this._count = 0;
  this._limit = 8;
}


HashTable.prototype.insert = function(key, value) {
  //create an index for our storage location by passing it through our hashing function
  var index = this.hashFunc(key, this._limit);
  //retrieve the bucket at this particular index in our storage, if one exists
  //[[ [k,v], [k,v], [k,v] ] , [ [k,v], [k,v] ]  [ [k,v] ] ]
  var bucket = this._storage[index]
    //does a bucket exist or do we get undefined when trying to retrieve said index?
  if (!bucket) {
    //create the bucket
    var bucket = [];
    //insert the bucket into our hashTable
    this._storage[index] = bucket;
  }

  var override = false;
  //now iterate through our bucket to see if there are any conflicting
  //key value pairs within our bucket. If there are any, override them.
  for (var i = 0; i < bucket.length; i++) {
    var tuple = bucket[i];
    if (tuple[0] === key) {
      //overide value stored at this key
      tuple[1] = value;
      override = true;
    }
  }

  if (!override) {
    //create a new tuple in our bucket
    //note that this could either be the new empty bucket we created above
    //or a bucket with other tupules with keys that are different than 
    //the key of the tuple we are inserting. These tupules are in the same
    //bucket because their keys all equate to the same numeric index when
    //passing through our hash function.
    bucket.push([key, value]);
    this._count++
      //now that we've added our new key/val pair to our storage
      //let's check to see if we need to resize our storage
      if (this._count > this._limit * 0.75) {
        this.resize(this._limit * 2);
      }
  }
  return this;
};


HashTable.prototype.remove = function(key) {
  var index = this.hashFunc(key, this._limit);
  var bucket = this._storage[index];
  if (!bucket) {
    return null;
  }
  //iterate over the bucket
  for (var i = 0; i < bucket.length; i++) {
    var tuple = bucket[i];
    //check to see if key is inside bucket
    if (tuple[0] === key) {
      //if it is, get rid of this tuple
      bucket.splice(i, 1);
      this._count--;
      if (this._count < this._limit * 0.25) {
        this._resize(this._limit / 2);
      }
      return tuple[1];
    }
  }
};



HashTable.prototype.retrieve = function(key) {
  var index = this.hashFunc(key, this._limit);
  var bucket = this._storage[index];

  if (!bucket) {
    return null;
  }

  for (var i = 0; i < bucket.length; i++) {
    var tuple = bucket[i];
    if (tuple[0] === key) {
      return tuple[1];
    }
  }

  return null;
};


HashTable.prototype.hashFunc = function(str, max) {
  var hash = 0;
  for (var i = 0; i < str.length; i++) {
    var letter = str[i];
    hash = (hash << 5) + letter.charCodeAt(0);
    hash = (hash & hash) % max;
  }
  return hash;
};


HashTable.prototype.resize = function(newLimit) {
  var oldStorage = this._storage;

  this._limit = newLimit;
  this._count = 0;
  this._storage = [];

  oldStorage.forEach(function(bucket) {
    if (!bucket) {
      return;
    }
    for (var i = 0; i < bucket.length; i++) {
      var tuple = bucket[i];
      this.insert(tuple[0], tuple[1]);
    }
  }.bind(this));
};


HashTable.prototype.retrieveAll = function() {
  console.log(this._storage);
  //console.log(this._limit);
};

/******************************TESTS*******************************/

var hashT = new HashTable();

hashT.insert('Alex Hawkins', '510-599-1930');
//hashT.retrieve();
//[ , , , [ [ 'Alex Hawkins', '510-599-1930' ] ] ]
hashT.insert('Boo Radley', '520-589-1970');
//hashT.retrieve();
//[ , [ [ 'Boo Radley', '520-589-1970' ] ], , [ [ 'Alex Hawkins', '510-599-1930' ] ] ]
hashT.insert('Vance Carter', '120-589-1970').insert('Rick Mires', '520-589-1970').insert('Tom Bradey', '520-589-1970').insert('Biff Tanin', '520-589-1970');
//hashT.retrieveAll();
/* 
[ ,
  [ [ 'Boo Radley', '520-589-1970' ],
    [ 'Tom Bradey', '520-589-1970' ] ],
  ,
  [ [ 'Alex Hawkins', '510-599-1930' ],
    [ 'Rick Mires', '520-589-1970' ] ],
  ,
  ,
  [ [ 'Biff Tanin', '520-589-1970' ] ] ]
*/

//overide example (Phone Number Change)
//
hashT.insert('Rick Mires', '650-589-1970').insert('Tom Bradey', '818-589-1970').insert('Biff Tanin', '987-589-1970');
//hashT.retrieveAll();

/* 
[ ,
  [ [ 'Boo Radley', '520-589-1970' ],
    [ 'Tom Bradey', '818-589-1970' ] ],
  ,
  [ [ 'Alex Hawkins', '510-599-1930' ],
    [ 'Rick Mires', '650-589-1970' ] ],
  ,
  ,
  [ [ 'Biff Tanin', '987-589-1970' ] ] ]

*/

hashT.remove('Rick Mires');
hashT.remove('Tom Bradey');
//hashT.retrieveAll();

/* 
[ ,
  [ [ 'Boo Radley', '520-589-1970' ] ],
  ,
  [ [ 'Alex Hawkins', '510-599-1930' ] ],
  ,
  ,
  [ [ 'Biff Tanin', '987-589-1970' ] ] ]


*/

hashT.insert('Dick Mires', '650-589-1970').insert('Lam James', '818-589-1970').insert('Ricky Ticky Tavi', '987-589-1970');
hashT.retrieveAll();


/* NOTICE HOW HASH TABLE HAS NOW DOUBLED IN SIZE UPON REACHING 75% CAPACITY ie 6/8. It is now size 16.
 [,
  ,
  [ [ 'Vance Carter', '120-589-1970' ] ],
  [ [ 'Alex Hawkins', '510-599-1930' ],
    [ 'Dick Mires', '650-589-1970' ],
    [ 'Lam James', '818-589-1970' ] ],
  ,
  ,
  ,
  ,
  ,
  [ [ 'Boo Radley', '520-589-1970' ],
    [ 'Ricky Ticky Tavi', '987-589-1970' ] ],
  ,
  ,
  ,
  ,
  [ [ 'Biff Tanin', '987-589-1970' ] ] ]




*/
console.log(hashT.retrieve('Lam James'));  //818-589-1970
console.log(hashT.retrieve('Dick Mires')); //650-589-1970
console.log(hashT.retrieve('Ricky Ticky Tavi')); //987-589-1970
console.log(hashT.retrieve('Alex Hawkins')); //510-599-1930
console.log(hashT.retrieve('Lebron James')); //null

您可以使用以下内容创建一个:

var dictionary = { Name:"Some Programmer", Age:24, Job:"Writing Programs"  };

//Iterate Over using keys
for (var key in dictionary) {
  console.log("Key: " + key + " , " + "Value: "+ dictionary[key]);
}

//access a key using object notation:
console.log("Her Name is: " + dictionary.Name)

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