perl-帮助哈希和倾倒记录
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/3535161
-
30-09-2019 - |
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我有一个perl脚本，该脚本仅保留一个指定集的最后一组记录，我有一组以上的记录。因此，它过度编写哈希中的数据，只是保留最后一组。我需要打印所有记录的帮助。谢谢！
这是我脚本的副本：
#!/usr/local/bin/perl
use strict;
use warnings;
use Data::Dumper;
my ($ServerName)=@ARGV;
my %MyItems;
foreach my $ServerName(@ARGV){
while (my $line = <>){
chomp $line;
if ($line =~ m/.* \w+ \d{2} (\d{2}:\d{2}:\d{2}) \d{4}: ([^:]+):backup:/){
my $ServerName = basename $ARGV, '.mydomain.com.backup-software.log'; #$ARGV is reading input from command line
my $BckupSet =$2;
my $BckupVal=$1;
$MyItems{$ServerName}{$BckupSet}->{'1-Server'} = $ServerName;
$MyItems{$ServerName}{$BckupSet}->{'2-BackupSet'} = $BckupSet;
$MyItems{$ServerName}{$BckupSet}->{'3-StartTime'} = $BckupVal;
if ($line =~ m/(backup-date)[:=](.+)/){
my $BckupKey="4-DateStamp";
my $BckupVal=$2;
$MyItems{$ServerName}{$BckupSet}->{$BckupKey} = $BckupVal;
}
if ($line =~ m/(backup-time)[:=](.+)/){
my $BckupKey="5-Duration";
my $BckupVal=$2;
$MyItems{$ServerName}{$BckupSet}->{$BckupKey} = $BckupVal;
}
if ($line =~ m/(backup-size)[:=](.+)/){
my $BckupKey="6-Size";
my $BckupVal=$2;
$MyItems{$ServerName}{$BckupSet}->{$BckupKey} = $BckupVal;
}
if ($line =~ m/(Backup succeeded)/){
my $BckupKey="7-Status";
my $BckupVal="Succeeded";
$MyItems{$ServerName}{$BckupSet}->{$BckupKey} = $BckupVal;
}
if ($line =~ m/(ERROR)[:=](.+)/){
my $BckupKey="8-Status";
my $BckupVal="Unsuccessful";
$MyItems{$ServerName}{$BckupSet}->{$BckupKey} = $BckupVal;
print "$BckupKey=$BckupVal\n" if debug;
}
}
} #endwhile
print Dumper(\%MyItems);
for my $ServerName(keys%MyItems){
for my $BckupSet(keys%{$MyItems{$ServerName}}){
for(sort keys%{$MyItems{$ServerName}{$BckupSet}}){
#print$_,'=>',$MyItems{$ServerName}{$BckupSet}{$_},';';
print$_,'=',$MyItems{$ServerName}{$BckupSet}{$_},';';
}
print"\n";
}
}
} #END foreach
这是倾倒时的样子：
$VAR1 = {
'server1.name.colo' => {
'set1' => {
'3-StartTime' => '07:08:15',
'1-Server' => 'server1.name.colo',
'6-Size' => '72.04 GB',
'7-Status' => 'Succeeded',
'4-DateStamp' => '20100820060002',
'5-Duration' => '01:08:13',
'2-BackupSet' => 'set1',
'8-Status' => 'Unsuccessful'
},
'set2' => {
'7-Status' => 'Succeeded',
'6-Size' => '187.24 GB',
'3-StartTime' => '01:51:25',
'4-DateStamp' => '20100820000003',
'1-Server' => 'server1.name.colo',
'5-Duration' => '01:51:21',
'2-BackupSet' => 'set2'
},
'set3' => {
'3-StartTime' => '23:00:05',
'4-DateStamp' => '20100814230003',
'1-Server' => 'server1.name.colo',
'8-Status' => 'Unsuccessful',
'2-BackupSet' => 'set3'
},
'set4' => {
'7-Status' => 'Succeeded',
'6-Size' => '427.75 GB',
'3-StartTime' => '00:43:20',
'4-DateStamp' => '20100819200004',
'1-Server' => 'server1.name.colo',
'5-Duration' => '04:43:14',
'2-BackupSet' => 'set4'
},
'set3' => {
'7-Status' => 'Succeeded',
'6-Size' => '46.42 GB',
'3-StartTime' => '04:42:59',
'4-DateStamp' => '20100820040002',
'1-Server' => 'server1.name.colo',
'5-Duration' => '00:42:56',
'2-BackupSet' => 'set3'
}
}
};
解决方案
根据调试输出，看起来您的问题在这里：
if ($line =~ m/(ERROR)[:=](.+)/){
my $BckupKey="8-Status";
my $BckupVal="Unsuccessful";
$MyItems{$ServerName}{$BckupSet}->{$BckupKey} = $BckupVal;
print "$BckupKey=$BckupVal\n" if debug;
}
为了节省所有错误，您需要将该哈希插槽作为对数组的引用：
if ($line =~ m/(ERROR)[:=](.+)/){
my $BckupKey="8-Status";
my $BckupVal="Unsuccessful";
push @{ $MyItems{$ServerName}{$BckupSet}{$BckupKey} } => $BckupVal;
print "$BckupKey=$BckupVal\n" if debug;
}
在您的垃圾场中 8-Status 值类似于
'8-Status' => [ 'Unsuccessful', 'Other error', 'Et cetera' ],
如果您以后想循环，您会做类似的事情
foreach my $err (@{ $MyItems{$ServerName}{$BckupSet}{$BckupKey} }) {
print "got $err\n";
}
要仅获得第一个，你会写
print $MyItems{$ServerName}{$BckupSet}{$BckupKey}[0], "\n";
另一个问题是
foreach my $ServerName(@ARGV){
while (my $line = <>){
认识到 while (<>) { ... } 隐式循环遍历所有指定的文件 @ARGV, ，所以将其嵌套在一个环内 @ARGV 没有什么意义。如果您的命令行是表格
$ readlogs server1 server2 server3 log1 log2
然后，您要先删除 @ARGV 服务器使用 shift. 。区分用户的参数作为服务器主机名可能很棘手。一个惯例是使用 -- 为了发出选项处理的结束，因此您可以
my @servers;
while (@ARGV) {
my $server = shift;
last if $server eq "--"
push @servers => $server;
}
die "Usage: $0 server .. -- log ..\n" unless @ARGV;
while (<>) {
# ...
}
其他提示
这是无主题的，但是任何时候您需要深层嵌套的数据结构，您的代码就会冒着肿的风险，很难阅读。简单的便利变量在简化事物并减轻代码的读者（从现在起3个月）上有很长的路要走：
# A convenience var.
my $bs = $MyItems{$ServerName}{$BckupSet};
# The rest of your code can use the var.
$bs->{'1-Server'} = $ServerName;
另外，你有几个 if 基本上做同一件事的块。似乎适合某种调度表策略：
my @dispatch_table = (
{
regex => qr/(backup-date)[:=](.+)/,
key => '4-DateStamp',
val => sub { $2 },
},
{
# etc.
},
);
然后你 if 阻止这样的东西：
for my $dt (@dispatch_table){
next unless $line =~ $dt->{regex};
$bs->{ $dt->{key} } = $dt->{val}->();
}
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