I was not able to edit the output of the world flags gem by using the view helper methods in the question. However I was able to remove the bullets from the ul tags by using the following CSS:
ul {
list-style-type: none;
}
The ul and li tags still remain, and I don't think there is currently a way to remove them using the world-flags gem unless you edit the gem yourself.
Hopefully this feature is added to future versions of the gem.