提升精神2.x：如何处理关键字和标识符？

Question

美好的一天。

我过去一直在使用提升精神经典，现在我正在努力坚持更新的一个，提升精神2.x.有人可以如此友善地指出我如何处理关键字？比方说，我想区分“foo”和“foo”。和“int”其中“foo”是标识符和“int”只是一个关键字。我想保护我的语法不被错误的解析，例如，“intfoo”。

好的，我有

struct my_keywords : boost::spirit::qi::symbols<char, std::string> {
                my_keywords() {
                    add
                    ("void")
                    ("string")
                    ("float")
                    ("int")
                    ("bool")
                    //TODO: add others
                    ;
                }
            } keywords_table_;

并将ident规则声明为：

boost::spirit::qi::rule<Iterator, std::string(),  ascii::space_type> ident;
ident = raw[lexeme[((alpha | char_('_')) >> *(alnum | char_('_'))) - keywords_table_]];

，比方说，有些规则：

boost::spirit::qi::rule<Iterator, ident_decl_node(),  ascii::space_type> ident_decl;
ident_decl = ("void" | "float" | "string" | "bool") >> ident;

如何正确编写，说明“void”，“float”等是关键字？ 提前谢谢。

Answer 1

嗯，只是声明你的规则是：

//the > operator say that your keyword MUST be followed by an ident
//instead of just may (if I understood spirit right the >> operator will
//make the parser consider other rules if it fail which might or not be
//what you want.
ident_decl = keyword_table_ > ident;

根据你的例子，你应该在最后得到这样的东西：

struct my_keywords : boost::spirit::qi::symbols<char, int> {
                my_keywords() {
                    add
                    ("void", TYPE_VOID)
                    ("string", TYPE_STRING)
                    ("float", TYPE_FLOAT)
                    ("int", TYPE_INT)
                    ("bool", TYPE_BOOL)
                    //TODO: add others
                    ;
                }
            } keywords_table_;

// ...

class ident_decl_node
{
   //this will  enable fusion_adapt_struct to access your private members
   template < typename, int>
   friend struct boost::fusion::extension::struct_member;
   //new version of spirit use:
   //friend struct boost::fusion::extension::access::struct_member;

   int type;
   std::string ident;
};

BOOST_FUSION_ADAPT_STRUCT(
   ident_decl_node,
   (int, type)
   (std::string, ident)
)

// ...

struct MyErrorHandler
{
    template <typename, typename, typename, typename>
    struct result { typedef void type; };

    template <typename Iterator>
    void operator()(Iterator first, Iterator last, Iterator error_pos, std::string const& what) const
    {
        using boost::phoenix::construct;

        std::string error_msg = "Error! Expecting ";
        error_msg += what;  // what failed?
        error_msg += " here: \"";
        error_msg += std::string(error_pos, last);   // iterators to error-pos, end
        error_msg += "\"";

        //put a breakpoint here if you don't have std::cout for the console or change
        //this line for something else.
        std::cout << error_msg;
    }
};

// ...

using boost::spirit::qi::grammar;
using boost::spirit::ascii::space_type;

typedef std::vector<boost::variant<ident_decl_node, some_other_node> ScriptNodes;

template <typename Iterator>
struct NodeGrammar: public grammar<Iterator, ScriptNodes(), space_type>
{
    using boost::spirit::arg_names; //edit1

    NodeGrammar: NodeGrammar::base_type(start)
    {
      //I had problem if I didn't add the eps rule (which do nothing) so you might
      //want to leave it
      start %= ident_decl | some_other_node_decl >> eps;

      ident_decl %= keyword_table > ident;
      //I'm not sure if the %= operator will work correctly on this, you might have to do
      //the push_back manually but I think it should work
      ident %= raw[lexeme[((alpha | char_('_')) >> *(alnum | char_('_'))) - keywords_table_]];

      on_error<fail>(start, error_handler(_1, _2, _3, _4)); //edit1
    }

    my_keywords keyword_table_;

    boost::spirit::qi::rule<Iterator, ScriptNodes(),  ascii::space_type> start;
    boost::spirit::qi::rule<Iterator, ident_decl_node(),  ascii::space_type> ident_decl;
    boost::spirit::qi::rule<Iterator, some_other_node(),  ascii::space_type> ident_decl;
    boost::spirit::qi::rule<Iterator, std::string(),  ascii::space_type> ident;

    boost::phoenix::function<MyErrorHandler> error_handler; //edit1
};

另外我不知道你使用的是哪个版本，但是我使用了boost 1.40中的那个版本，似乎有一个bug 当使用运算符％=后跟只有一个参数时（解析器不会正确解析此规则）。例如：

ident_decl %= ident;

改为执行此操作

ident_decl %= ident > eps;

应该是等价的。

希望这会有所帮助。