Could store the images in a Dictionary.
The key is the unique identifier (E.G. Int32).
The image could be stored as byte[] or BitmapImage
If you store it as BitmapImage you have to convert the byte[] up front
But then you don't need to convert on demand
Dictionary<Int32, byte[]>
or
Dictionary<Int32, BitmapImage>
Pretty sure BitmapImage is going to be bigger so converting on demand would use less memory.
Your question said a lot of images but you also asked for quicker user loading.
Test both ways.