我怎么得到的主要关键(s)的一个表,从Postgres通过plpgsql?
-
06-07-2019 - |
题
给出一个表格的名称,我怎么提取物列表的主要关键列和他们的数据类型从plpgsql功能?
解决方案
上面的查询非常糟糕,因为它非常慢。
我会推荐这个官方版本:
http://wiki.postgresql.org/wiki/Retrieve_primary_key_columns
如果需要架构,则查询如下
SELECT
pg_attribute.attname,
format_type(pg_attribute.atttypid, pg_attribute.atttypmod)
FROM pg_index, pg_class, pg_attribute, pg_namespace
WHERE
pg_class.oid = 'foo'::regclass AND
indrelid = pg_class.oid AND
nspname = 'public' AND
pg_class.relnamespace = pg_namespace.oid AND
pg_attribute.attrelid = pg_class.oid AND
pg_attribute.attnum = any(pg_index.indkey)
AND indisprimary
其他提示
要提供直接的SQL,您可以使用以下命令列出主键列及其类型:
SELECT c.column_name, c.data_type
FROM information_schema.table_constraints tc
JOIN information_schema.constraint_column_usage AS ccu USING (constraint_schema, constraint_name)
JOIN information_schema.columns AS c ON c.table_schema = tc.constraint_schema
AND tc.table_name = c.table_name AND ccu.column_name = c.column_name
WHERE constraint_type = 'PRIMARY KEY' and tc.table_name = 'mytable';
以下SQL
声明适用于我:
SELECT a.attname
FROM pg_index i
JOIN pg_attribute a ON a.attrelid = i.indrelid
AND a.attnum = ANY(i.indkey)
WHERE i.indrelid = 'tablename'::regclass
AND i.indisprimary;
直接取自此处。
查看 pg_constraint
系统表。或 information_schema.table_constraints
查看您是否愿意坚持下去接近SQL标准。
有关完整示例使用psql
连接到数据库,使用<!>“-E <!>”;选项和类型\d <some_table>
- 您将看到用于描述表格的实际查询。
请注意列顺序与表的列顺序不同的索引。 (即,如果主键使用了第3列,第2列和第1列)
以下查询要复杂得多,但会以正确的顺序返回列。 (删除'indisprimary'子句以获取表中所有索引的相同信息)
WITH ndx_list AS
(
SELECT pg_index.indexrelid
FROM pg_index, pg_class
WHERE pg_class.relname = 'test_indices_table'
AND pg_class.oid = pg_index.indrelid
AND pg_index.indisprimary
), ndx_cols AS
(
SELECT pg_class.relname AS index_name, UNNEST(i.indkey) AS col_ndx, i.indisunique, i.indisprimary
FROM pg_class, pg_index i
WHERE pg_class.oid = i.indexrelid
AND pg_class.oid IN (SELECT indexrelid FROM ndx_list)
)
SELECT ndx_cols.index_name, ndx_cols.indisunique, ndx_cols.indisprimary,
a.attname, format_type(a.atttypid, a.atttypmod), a.attnum
FROM pg_class c, pg_attribute a
JOIN ndx_cols ON (a.attnum = ndx_cols.col_ndx)
WHERE c.oid = 'test_indices_table'::regclass
AND a.attrelid = c.oid
使用 generate_subscripts
<保留列顺序/一个>:
SELECT
a.attname,
format_type(a.atttypid, a.atttypmod)
FROM
pg_attribute a
JOIN (SELECT *, GENERATE_SUBSCRIPTS(indkey, 1) AS indkey_subscript FROM pg_index) AS i
ON
i.indisprimary
AND i.indrelid = a.attrelid
AND a.attnum = i.indkey[i.indkey_subscript]
WHERE
a.attrelid = 'your_table'::regclass
ORDER BY
i.indkey_subscript
SELECT
conrelid::regclass AS table_from,
conname,
pg_get_constraintdef ( c.oid )
FROM
pg_constraint c
JOIN pg_namespace n ON n.oid = c.connamespace
WHERE
contype IN ( 'f', 'p ' )
AND conrelid::regclass::TEXT IN ( 'foo' )
ORDER BY
conrelid::regclass::TEXT,
contype DESC
你真的只是需要2个系统表:
- pg_constraint-告诉你列(数量)属于主键
- pg_attribute-翻译所列的数字以列名的
注:该系统的表格可能变化之间的PostgreSQL的版本,但这并不经常发生(实际上很少,如果在所有)。并且不同于使用的信息.table_constraints,你不需要任何特别的权限,只是选择在表。(这是测试在Postgres10.6)
SELECT string_agg(a.attname, ', ') AS pk
FROM
pg_constraint AS c
CROSS JOIN LATERAL UNNEST(c.conkey) AS cols(colnum) -- conkey is a list of the columns of the constraint; so we split it into rows so that we can join all column numbers onto their names in pg_attribute
INNER JOIN pg_attribute AS a ON a.attrelid = c.conrelid AND cols.colnum = a.attnum
WHERE
c.contype = 'p' -- p = primary key constraint
AND c.conrelid = '<schemaname>.<tablename>'::REGCLASS; -- regclass will type the name of the object to its internal oid
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