Turns out the problem can be fixed by adding an appropriate rule in the Firewall:
- rule type: inbound
- rule type: custom
- program: %systemroot%\system32\dllhost.exe
- protocol: TCP
- local port: RPC Dynamic Ports
- remote port: All Ports
- action: allow connection
- profile: domain
The above solution was inspired by this thread: Windows Firewall blocking OAB connections.