No you cannot. From http://sdn.sitecore.net/Articles/Media/Prevent%20Files%20from%20Uploading.aspx:
The uiUpload pipeline is run not as part of the Sheer event, but as part of the form loading process in response to a post back. This is because the uploaded files are only available during the "real" post back, and not during a Sheer UI event. In this sense, the uiUpload pipeline has not been designed to provide UI.
That page was written for v5.1 and 5.2, but I'm pretty sure it still applies. The page claims that you can emit javascript to the page like Ahmed suggested, but it didn't work when I tried it.