I couldn't access any of the URLs provided, maybe your server can't access them too, although your local computer might be able to? Make sure target URL is accessible from your website. Also, if you're calling the AJAX request from the same server as the target one, I would suggest using relative URL instead of absolute one.
Another option, if the above doesn't work, is to use the $.get request of jQuery instead of $.ajax.
$.get('http://172.24.105.22:8080/geoserver/Chennai_Sub/ows?service=WFS&version=1.0.0&request=GetFeature&typeName=Chennai_Sub%3ALink&maxFeatures=200&outputFormat=application%2Fjson&format_options=callback%3A+getJson', function(response) {
console.log(response);
})
Or
$.get('http://172.24.105.22:8080/geoserver/Chennai_Sub/ows', defaultParameters, function(response) {
console.log(response);
})