OfType
will get all controls of the same type from a control. In this case it will be labels from your form:
var labels = this.myForm.Controls.OfType<Label>()
Then you can iterate through your collection of labels.
EDIT:
Then, looping through your code it would look like this:
private void timer1_Tick(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
var labels = this.Form1.Controls.OfType<Label>()
foreach(var label in labels)
{
if(player.Bounds.IntersectsWith(label.Bounds))
//...