First of all the actual speed strongly depends on your hard disk.
For example for a notebook with SSD under MacOSX I get:
arangod> t = time(); for (i = 0; i < 1000; i++) db.unsync.save({ name: "Hallo " + i }); time() - t;
0.03408193588256836
arangod> t = time(); for (i = 0; i < 1000; i++) db.sync.save({ name: "Hallo " + i }); time() - t;
6.904788970947266
So writing 1000 documents is 200x times faster.
For a desktop with harddisk under Linux I get:
arangod> t = time(); for (i = 0; i < 1000; i++) db.unsync.save({ name: "Hallo " + i }); time() - t;
0.08486199378967285
arangod> t = time(); for (i = 0; i < 1000; i++) db.unsync.save({ name: "Hallo " + i }); time() - t;
54.90065908432007
Here it is even worse. More than a factor of 600.
Regarding the difference between local and remote: That sounds strange. How do you access the remote machine? Do you use arangosh?