Linux Mint 16, Chrome version 34.0.1847.132, Selenium 2.41. Full screen mode works fine. Try to use:
driver.manage().window().maximize();
to maximize browser window.
Edited.
Also you can try to run chrome in kiosk mode:
ChromeOptions options = new ChromeOptions();
options.addArguments("--kiosk");
driver = new ChromeDriver(options);
This works fine in Linux with Chrome 34.
Or try to press F11 like:
driver.findElement(By.tagName("html")).sendKeys(Keys.F11);
But for me it works fine only in Firefox.