There is a couple of hashes missing in your javascript:
$(document).on('pageinit', '#page-tasklist', function () {
$('#clubcontent').listview();
getClubs();
});
function getClubs() {
var json = jQuery.parseJSON(window.localStorage.getItem("clubs"));
var clubcontent = $('#clubcontent');
for (var i = 0; i < json.length; i++){
clubcontent.append('<li><a href="#" data-club-id=\"' + json[i].id + '\" rel="external">' + json[i].name + '</a></li>');
alert(json[i].name);
}
clubcontent.listview( "refresh" );
};
And the (extended) html:
<ul data-role="listview" id="clubcontent" data-inset="true">
<li> a </li>
<li> b </li>
<li> c </li>
<li> d </li>
<li> e </li>
</ul>
Live example here: http://jsfiddle.net/LvUt9/