You are unlikely to find an aspectJ-equivalent that operates on source code.
What you appear to want is a source-to-source program transformation tool that can replicate aspect insertion (or at enough to do logging).
As a practical matter, the transformation system needs to understand how Java entities are named in order to carry out the transformation on the named Java entities.
You would have to write the transformations that apply the aspects; since some AspectJ aspects do rather sophisticated things involving control flow, you might find some of the transformations difficult to write. Logging is relatively easy.
You would run the transformation tool to apply the aspects to your source code base, generating an aspectized source code base. That resulting code base would be compiled and delivered into the Android context. Nothing of the transformation system itself would be include as excess baggage. You might find it necessary as part of inserting the aspects, to insert calls on additional libraries (as AspectJ seemed to find need for a support library "runtime.reflect.Factory") but at least you'd know what the code was; you'd have inspectable source code. In fact, you'd know because such calls would be visible directly in the transformation rules themselves.
Of the transformation tools that I know about, only our DMS Software Reengineering Toolkit understands Java down to the level of naming, and handles control flow. DMS can apply aspects encoded in the form of explicit transformation rules.