I finally solved this by linking the bzip2 library file in /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/ to /usr/lib:
sudo ln -s /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libbz2* /usr/lib
But I am wondering why gcc cannot find the library files automatically, is it a problem of my Unbuntu installation or some incompatibility of the CASAVA Bcl2Fastq 1.8.3 software (because it was developed and tested on CentOS)?