"The aria-labelledby attribute is used to indicate the IDs of the elements that are the labels for the object." (MDN).
It does not contain a text label.
So no, it doesn't work on its own.
It doesn't require a <label>
element, but if a <label>
is the correct HTML element for the context then you should use one. (Start with correct, semantic HTML, then build ARIA on top of it).