You can create the tables and then create the constraints:
CREATE TABLE employee (
fname varchar2(15) not null,
minit varchar2(1),
lname varchar2(15) not null,
ssn char(9),
bdate date,
address varchar2(30),
sex char,
salary number(10,2),
superssn char(9),
dno number(4),
primary key (ssn)
);
CREATE TABLE department (
dname varchar2(15) not null,
dnumber number(4),
mgrssn char(9) not null,
mgrstartdate date,
primary key (dnumber),
unique (dname)
);
ALTER TABLE employee ADD CONSTRAINT fk_dno FOREIGN KEY (dno) REFERENCES department(dnumber) DEFERRABLE;
ALTER TABLE department ADD CONSTRAINT fk_mgrssn FOREIGN KEY (mgrssn) REFERENCES employee(ssn) DEFERRABLE;
When inserting, you can set the constraints deferred, meaning that Oracle won't verify them until you commit.
ALTER SESSION SET CONSTRAINTS = DEFERRED;
insert into employee (fname, lname, ssn, dno) values ('Joe','Blow','123456789', 10);
insert into department(dname, dnumber, mgrssn) values ('Dept1',10, '123456789');
commit;
You can also set them up initially deferred when creating them, but the constraints must be "deferrable" at the least to do the above.