How can you get a "one column only" output when you specify three output variables. Do you get an error message?
Have you managed to get your data into a matrix? (As a Matlab variable, not a text-file with spaces?) If so, try:
data_mat = [10.2837 -99.975 36.8826
10.2837 -99.963 36.8826
10.2837 -99.95 36.8826
10.2837 -99.938 36.8826];
%% Assuming this order is correct:
theta = data_mat(:,1);
rho = data_mat(:,2);
zz = data_mat(:,3);
[x, y, z] = pol2cart(theta, rho, zz);
Also, remember to transform your angles into radians.