If you don't want to use split() then you can read each r,g,b pixel value from your source image and write to destination image and which should be single channel.
#include <stdio.h>
#include <opencv2/opencv.hpp>
#include <iostream>
using namespace cv;
using namespace std;
int main( int argc, const char** argv ){
Mat src = imread("ball.jpg", 1);
Mat r(src.rows,src.cols,CV_8UC1);
Mat g(src.rows,src.cols,CV_8UC1);
Mat b(src.rows,src.cols,CV_8UC1);
for(int i=0;i<src.rows;i++){
for(int j=0;j<src.cols;j++){
Vec3b pixel = src.at<Vec3b>(i, j);
b.at<uchar>(i,j) = pixel[0];
g.at<uchar>(i,j) = pixel[1];
r.at<uchar>(i,j) = pixel[2];
}
}
imshow("src", src);
imshow("r", r);
imshow("g", g);
imshow("b", b);
waitKey(0);
}