To build on Lego Stormtroopr's answer, I think QValidator is a good and simple option. For example
dialog->lineedit1->setValidator(new QRegExpValidator( QRegExp("[0-9]{1,20}"), this ));
Here, the QRegExp denotes that you shall only accept digits from 0 to 9 and no other key-presses (spaces or letters) and you shall accept atleast 1 and maximum 20 characters (digits). You then set your lineedit's validator to this value. For more information, you can visit http://qt-project.org/doc/qt-5.0/qtcore/qregexp.html
or for a double,
QDoubleValidator *myDblVal = new QDoubleValidator( 0.0, MAX_VALUE, 1, this);
myDblVal->setNotation( QDoubleValidator::StandardNotation );
dialog->lineedit1->setValidator( myDblVal );
Here you simply use the inbuilt Qt functionality for double validation. You shall only accept a decimal between 0 and MAX_VALUE.