You need to add the column style and row style to each column and row:
Example:
For i As Integer = 0 To self.tableLayoutPanel.ColumnCount - 1
self.tableLayoutPanel.ColumnStyles.Add(new ColumnStyle(SizeType.Absolute, 64))
Next
For i As Integer = 0 To self.tableLayoutPanel.RowCount - 1
self.tableLayoutPanel.RowStyles.Add(New RowStyle(SizeType.Absolute, 24))
Next