If you want to read objects from a file and insert them into another scene then you can create a scene source and get the entries from there.
Creating a scene source is very similar to creating a full scene
SCNSceneSource *source = [SCNSceneSource sceneSourceWithURL:url options:nil];
If you know the id of the node you are looking for then you can get it directly using
SCNNode *someNode = [source entryWithIdentifier:@"yourIdentifier" withClass:[SCNNode class]];
Otherwise you can ask for the identifiers for all the nodes and from there figure out what identifier you are looking for.
NSArray *nodeIdentifiers = [source identifiersOfEntriesWithClass:[SCNNode class]];