You can write helper method that returns true, false for both of the cases.
view:
<% for p in Pictogram.all %>
<%= radio_button_tag "activity[pictogram_id]", p.id, pictogram_is_true?(p) %>
<% end %>
<% for client in Client.all %>
<%= check_box_tag "activity[client_ids][]", client.id, client_is_true?(client) %>
<% end %>
helper:
def pictogram_is_true?(p)
// query here and return true or false
end
def client_is_true?(client)
// query here and return true or false
end