It was due to a collision name: _id can be referred both to EXAMS and PROF. SQLlite chose EXAMS instead of PROF.
mCursor = mDb.rawGet("SELECT *, "+
MySQLiteHelper.PROF_CONTACTS_TB_NAME+"."+MySQLiteHelper.PROF_CONTACTS_KEY_ID+" AS idProf "+
" FROM "+MySQLiteHelper.PROF_CONTACTS_TB_NAME+" LEFT JOIN "+
MySQLiteHelper.EXAMS_TB_NAME+" ON "+
MySQLiteHelper.PROF_CONTACTS_TB_NAME+"."+MySQLiteHelper.PROF_CONTACTS_KEY_COD_ESAME+"="+
MySQLiteHelper.EXAMS_TB_NAME+"."+MySQLiteHelper.EXAMS_KEY_COD +
" ORDER BY " + MySQLiteHelper.PROF_CONTACTS_TB_NAME+"."+MySQLiteHelper.PROF_CONTACTS_KEY_ID);
And finally
final Long id = c.getLong(c.getColumnIndexOrThrow("idProf"));
This made the trick. Collision name errors should be thrown, as it is in SQL and MySQL.