Figured this out after much research. If PHP is installed with yum, you can't recompile it but instead must install the individual modules. I was missing several modules that were not indicated by Oracle. This was the installed packages that I finally got this to work with.
php.x86_64
php-cli.x86_64
php-common.x86_64
php-devel.x86_64
php-pdo.x86_64
php-pear.noarch
php-pecl-apc.x86_64
After installing these packages through yum and following the steps in this guide, I was able to get this successfully done.