To be frank, I'm not clear what the value of modifying a log entry would be. I'd image it would be far more useful to support engineers to have a running log of progress percent at point in time.
E.g.:
2014-01-01 10:10:10 - INFO - Upgrade progress: 1%
2014-01-01 10:10:15 - INFO - Upgrade progress: 5%
2014-01-01 10:10:20 - WARN - Upgrade encountered missed dependency, correcting
2014-01-01 10:10:21 - INFO - Upgrade dependency resolved
2014-01-01 10:10:25 - INFO - Upgrade progress: 10%
...
2014-01-01 10:12:51 - INFO - Upgrade progress: 100% - Finished
That way, a support engineer gets both useful indications of current progress, AND that progress will be blended with important notices or other indications of the actual work that the process is doing.
As for the specific question at hand, I don't know of a way to do that without seriously tweaking how logback functions -- it's meant to create a running log of appended entries, not modify existing ones. That runs quite entirely against the grain of logback, or any append-based logging framework.