The quick answer is no, not in the manner of Androids Broadcasting System. You are not allowed to listen for incoming native delegates, like detecting incoming text messages, incoming calls and native image capturing, when the app is terminated.
I do not know exactly what you want to accomplish but you could, when your app becomes active, listen for changes in the image library and then push a local notification or do whatever you want with the change. I havn't tried this, but you might even be able to detect a change in the image library with Background Tasks on iOS 7, but you might want to read the documentation here.