There is no actual de facto standard for server/node/client discovery in grid computing, at least none that is universally used. Many implementations use adhoc discovery based on UDP multicasting, others use registry-based discovery as in SOA architectures. There's plenty of solutions but no universal standard.
Some Java-firendly implementations you might want to look at: Unicore, JPPF, HTCondor, GridGain, Hadoop, Globus, Hazelcast