To whoever comes after me in search of this. Run the following in Thunderbird's Error Console (Add On):
var hdr=top.opener.gFolderDisplay.selectedMessage; var e=hdr.propertyEnumerator; while ( e.hasMore() ) { var key=e.getNext(); Application.console.log("\tproperty: " + key + "\t" + hdr.getProperty( key ) ); }