In Mavericks it seems behavior difference for AppleScript, where set value of property list item
is not working as expected.
One alternate is to use make new property
that you have commented. In this case a new property will be created and appended to the existing one. Hence you need to be careful for that.
Below is actual solution that works for array list
repeat with theCurrentValue in theLanguageItems
make new property list item with properties {kind:string, value:theCurrentValue}
end repeat