The problem with p2p is going to be discovery i.e how do players discover each other or their address for communication. The other problem with p2p is that players phones are often going to be behind NATs and if both are behind a NAT then they will need a intermediary between them for communication. These are two common reasons why a server is required even for the simplest of multiplayer games.
Is your game an asynchronous turn based game like words with friends?
There are options of using cloud service for such a game as well so that you just do Android development and access a webservice for storing game data and sending push notifications to update the other player of his/her turn. You can take a look at this https://github.com/shephertz/App42-Tic-Tac-Toe sample on how to do it.