What you are looking for is a javascript file. You can find it here: Alfresco\tomcat\webapps\share\components\dashlets\my-tasks.js
- "How is the dashlet populated with data ...": Look at the javascript file method onReady()
- "What do i have to do make the model use workflow instances data instead of tasks instances data?": You need to change webscript url in the javascript file "var webscript"
All the answers your are looking for is in the Alfresco\tomcat\webapps\share\components\dashlets\my-tasks.js file.
Also take a look at Alfresco\tomcat\webapps\share\components\workflow\workflow-list.js (lists workflows in the "Workflows I've Started" Page)
Good luck.