From the lucene documentation
Escaping Special Characters
Lucene supports escaping special characters that are part of the query syntax. The current list special characters are
+ - && || ! ( ) { } [ ] ^ " ~ * ? : \ /
To escape these character use the \ before the character. For example to search for (1+1):2 use the query:
\(1\+1\)\:2
So your query should be *Klammer\[affe\]*
But the standard analyzer deletes those characters so you need to index the original content differently.
See this related questions answer https://stackoverflow.com/a/17628127/956658. Another question with some info on changing the analyzing method How to perform a lucene query containing special character using QueryParser?