Want to process 5000 records from the select query is taking long time in oracle database

Question 1

Each query will take a long time because each query will have to join then sort all rows. The row_number analytic function can only return a result if the whole set has been read. This is highly inefficient. If the data set is large, you only want to sort and hash-join once.

You should fetch the whole set once, using batches of 5k rows. Alternatively, if you want to keep your existing code logic, you could store the result in a temporary table, for instance:

CREATE TABLE TMP AS <your above query>
CREATE INDEX ON TMP (rnum)

And then replace your query in your code by

SELECT * FROM TMP WHERE rnum BETWEEN :x AND :y

Obviously if your temp table is being reused periodically, just create it once and delete when done (or use a true temporary table).

Question 2

How many unique MARK_ID values have you got in TABLE_A? I think you may get better performance if you limit the fetched ranges of records by MARK_ID instead of the artificial row number, because the latter is obviously not sargeable. Granted, you may not get exactly 5000 rows in each range but I have a feeling it's not as important as the query performance.

Question 3

Firstly, giving obfuscated table names makes it nearly impossible to deduce anything about the data distributions and relationships between tables, so potential answerers are crippled from the start.

However, if every row in table_a matches one row in the other tables then you can avoid some of the usage of 200Mb of temporary disk space that is probably crippling performance by pushing the ranking down into an inline view or common table expression.

Monitor V$SQL_WORKAREA to check the exact amount of space being used for the window function, and if it is still excessive consider modifying the memory management to increase available sort area size.

Something like:

with cte_table_a as (
  SELECT
    to_number(MARK_ID) as MARK_ID,
    SUPP_ID as supplier_id,
    ROW_NUMBER() OVER (ORDER BY MARK_ID) as rnum 
  from
    TABLE_A
  where
    char_id='160' and
    VPR_ID IS NOT NULL)
select ...
from
  cte_table_a aa,
  TABLE_B BB,
  TABLE_C CC  
WHERE 
  aa.rnum      >= 10001          and
  aa.rnum      <= 15000          and
  AA.MARK_ID   =  BB.MARK_ID     AND 
  AA.SUPP_ID   =  CC.location_id AND 
  BB.VALUE_KEY =  AA.VALUE_KEY   AND 
  BB.VALUE_KEY =  CC.VALUE_KEY