If you have a thread whose entry point returns, your thread will close. If you install a runloop, your thread may never close, depending on your implementation. In any case, when an app enters background, the main thread is allowed to complete the current runloop run and then the app is suspended. All other threads are suspended also. Once your app returns to the foreground, or when woken up in the background under certain circumstances, your thread will resume work until you end the entry point, suspend it or your app is suspended again.
This is a simplification, of course. In some instances, threads are reused, even if your provided entry point returns. This is the case of thread pools, GCD, etc. In these cases, a thread may appear as alive, but it is actually suspended and takes little resources.