You can do this by creating a new calculated field.
Right click on CURSO and select "create calculated field" then use this formula:
IF left([CURSO], 4) <> "PTJE" THEN [CURSO] END
Basically, this means: if the value does not start with "PTJE" then include it.
Then use the new calculated field as a filter, you will see that it does not include the "PTJE. TOTAL" value (it has been replaced with nulls now). So when you apply a quick filter the "PTJE. TOTAL" value won't appear.
Note: Normally I'd use something simpler like:
IF [CURSO] <> "PTJE. TOTAL" THEN [CURSO] END
but that is not working with your data for some reason.
Also, you can read more about calculated fields in Tableau here: http://onlinehelp.tableausoftware.com/v6.1/public/online/en-us/i181523.html