I think this combines the common parts of 2,3,4 best:
<?php switch ($current_post_count) {
case 0: ?>
<div class="col-md-5">
<article><?php echo $first_article_content; ?></article>
</div>
<?php break;
case 1: ?>
<div class="col-md-7">
<div class="row">
<div class="col-sm-6 col-md-6">
<article><?php echo $article_content; ?></article>
</div>
<?php break;
default: ?>
<div class="col-sm-6 col-md-6">
<article><?php echo $article_content; ?></article>
</div>
<?php switch ($current_post_count) {
case 2: ?>
<div class="clearfix visible-sm visible-md visible-lg"></div>
<?php break;
case 4: ?>
</div>
</div>
<?php
}
} ?>