Following adeno's advice I wrote this and it seems to work:
var rand_image_bg = function(){
$('<div id="background_container"><img class="background_image"/></div>').insertAfter("#menu");
var image_src = ["Images/spaceship.jpg", "Images/hallway.jpg", "Images/steampunk.jpg", "Images/mine.jpg"];
var selected_bg_image = Math.floor((Math.random()*image_src.length)+1)-1;
if (selected_bg_image == localStorage.bg_image) {
selected_bg_image = image_src.length-1-selected_bg_image;
}
$(".background_image").attr("src",""+image_src[selected_bg_image]+"");
localStorage.bg_image = selected_bg_image;
}
rand_image_bg();