I've encountered exactly the same problem on Nexus 5.
Currently I have no time to dig into source codes and find the difference, but I found it possible to suppress this issue if you invalidate your progress bar everytime right after setting progress to it.
In your situation, it should be:
private void decreaseProgress() {
this.setProgress(this.getProgress() - 1);
this.postInvalidate();
}
Hope this could help!