Unless you're building a commercial, closed-source framework, I would really recommend using CocoaPods. It will take care of dependencies, resources, versioning, update, installation, etc. All big headaches as your library changes over time.
Even if you want to distribute binaries-only for closed-source code you could build the binaries with CocoaPods and then distribute them with a different podspec. Also you'll avoid embedding other libraries code which is a really bad but common practice.
As for versioning you can check here.
Going back to making the static library...
The version is not visible from the App and would be merely documentation, thus I think you should add it to all your targets. If you really want to be able to detect the version of your library at runtime you'll need to come up with a class method or global variable like [MyLibrary version]
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Documentation for those keys is included in Xcode or you can just select one and check the the "Quick Help" pane: